Coal and gas outburst is a dynamic disaster that poses a significant threat to coal mines. Energy analysis is an effective tool for understanding the mechanisms behind such outburst. The energy sources and dissipation during outbursts were explored using a multifunctional test system, and the energy transformation relationship was analyzed based on experimental results. Based on these, the crushing mechanism of outburst coal was further investigated. The results show that the adsorbed gas does not all participate in the work during an outburst. Thus, an effective desorption ratio was introduced to characterize quantitatively the percentage of volume of adsorbed gas involved in an outburst. The effective desorption ratios were calculated and found to be in the range of 5.07–13.36% under the test conditions and were primarily related to gas pressure and exhibited an exponential growth relationship. The energy of outbursts generally comes from gas expansion energy, which is 52.7 times that of the elastic strain energy. The gas expansion energy consists of adsorbed gas energy and free gas energy and accounts for 81.6–91.0% of the gas expansion energy, and it is the main energy source for continuous coal fragmentation and transport. The energy conversion of an outburst mainly occurs among gas expansion energy, coal crushing, and transport energy. The energy dissipation under high gas pressure conditions was found to be dominated by crushing energy, whereas under low gas pressure conditions, it was dominated by transport energy. The involvement of ground stress increased the breakage rate of the coal by 23%, whereas the breakage rate of the coal constantly increased with increase in gas pressure. The spatial distributions of the coal mass and crushing power in the roadway were consistent; however, the energy required in the initial stage of coal crushing was significantly larger than that in the middle and final stages. The release and consumption of energy during an outburst are processes of rapid decay from strong to weak. Finally, the processes of preparation, initiation, development, and termination of outbursts are described completely from the perspective of energy evolution, and the roles of ground stress and gas (free gas and adsorbed gas) during outbursts are clarified. The results provide reference ideas and theoretical basis for the accurate identification, effective prevention, and control of coal and gas outbursts.

煤与瓦斯突出是一种动态灾害，对煤矿构成重大威胁。能量分析是了解这种爆发背后机制的有效工具。利用多功能测试系统对爆发过程中的能量来源和耗散进行了探索，并根据实验结果分析了能量转换关系。在此基础上，进一步研究了突出煤的破碎机理。结果表明，吸附气体在爆发期间并不全部参与做功。因此，引入有效解吸比来定量表征突出中涉及的吸附气体的体积百分比。计算发现，试验条件下有效解吸率在5.07%~13.36%范围内，主要与气体压力有关，呈指数增长关系。爆发的能量一般来自气体膨胀能，是弹性应变能的52.7倍。瓦斯膨胀能由吸附瓦斯能和游离瓦斯能组成，占瓦斯膨胀能的81.6%~91.0%，是煤炭连续破碎和输送的主要能源。突出的能量转换主要发生在瓦斯膨胀能、煤破碎能和输送能之间。研究发现，高气压条件下的能量耗散以破碎能为主，而在低气压条件下，则以传输能为主。地应力的参与使煤的破碎率增加了23%，而煤的破碎率随着瓦斯压力的增加而不断增加。 巷道内煤量和破碎力空间分布一致；但煤炭破碎初期所需能量明显大于中期和末期。爆发时能量的释放和消耗是由强到弱的快速衰减过程。最后，从能量演化的角度完整地描述了突出的准备、引发、发展和终止过程，明确了地应力和气体（游离气体和吸附气体）在突出过程中的作用。研究结果为煤与瓦斯突出的准确识别、有效防治提供参考思路和理论依据。