The systematics of family Boraginaceae draw attention of many botanists for many years. The current study's primary goals are to clarify phenetic and phylogenetic relationships within Boraginaceae according to morphology and molecular characteristics and to evaluate the morphological characters that can be applied in systematics of Boraginaceae. The macromorphological characters of 39 species, 2 subspecies and 5 varieties of wild boraginaceous plants were extracted and subjected to phenetic and principal component analysis that was performed for detecting the most important characters differentiating the studied taxa. The generated dendrogram is divided into five clear groups; Arnebia decumbens var. macrocalyx and Heliotropium curassavicum are the most distantly related species, while Echium angustifolium subsp. angustifolium and E. angustifolium subsp. sericeum are the most closely related species. The phylogenetic relations among the examined taxa were determined using DNA barcoding of the rbcl gene. The phylogenetic analysis generated a cladogram showing that among the studied taxa of Boraginaceae there is a bolster for three clear lineages with resolved relationships. It is concluded that the chosen morphological characters were important in species delimitation, where more than half of the total morphological variations (67.94%) were explained by the first two principal components, indicating that the morphological characters showed high variability, which is useful for discrimination, and these characters, in addition to molecular characters, shared in drawing the phenetic and phylogenetic relationships within Boraginaceae that were considered not monophyletic groups. Boraginaceae contained some monophyletic genera such as Heliotropium and Alkanna, while the other studied taxa expressed a non-monophyletic relationships.

中文翻译：

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紫草科 Juss 的表型和分支分析。


紫草科的系统学多年来一直受到许多植物学家的关注。目前研究的主要目标是根据形态和分子特征阐明紫草科内的表型和系统发育关系，并评估可应用于紫草科系统学的形态特征。提取了39种、2个亚种和5个野生紫草科植物的宏观形态特征，并进行表型和主成分分析，以检测区分所研究类群的最重要特征。生成的树状图被分为五个清晰的组；卧紫草macrocalyx 和 Heliotropium curassavicum 是关系最远的物种，而 Echium angustifolium subsp。狭叶和狭叶 E. 狭叶亚种。 Sericeum 是最密切相关的物种。使用 rbcl 基因的 DNA 条形码确定了所检查的分类群之间的系统发育关系。系统发育分析生成了一个分支图，显示在所研究的紫草科类群中，存在三个具有已解决关系的清晰谱系的支持。结论表明，所选择的形态性状对于物种定界具有重要意义，其中超过一半的形态变异（67.94%）是由前两个主成分解释的，表明形态性状表现出较高的变异性，这有助于判别，除了分子特征之外，这些特征还共同绘制了被认为不是单系类群的紫草科内的表型和系统发育关系。 紫草科包含一些单系属，例如Heliotropium和Alkanna，而其他研究的类群则表现出非单系关系。