The unique physicochemical properties of MoS₂ nanocomposites have drawn escalation in attention for the diagnosis and therapy of cancer. Mostly the 2D forms of MoS₂ find application in sensing, catalysis, and theranostics, where it was traditionally applied in lubrication and battery industries as electrodes or intercalating agents. As nanostructures, MoS₂ has a very high surface-to-volume ratio, and that helps in the engineering of structures and surfaces to promote absorption of a wide range of therapeutics and biomolecules through covalent or non-covalent interaction. This surface engineering provides excellent colloidal stability to MoS₂ and makes them ideal nanomedicines with higher selectivity, sensitivity, and biomarker sensing ability. Furthermore, MoS₂ exhibits exceptionally well optical absorption of NIR radiation and photothermal conversion, which helps in the NIR-responsive release of payloads in photothermal and photodynamic therapy. There are several reports that the fabricated MoS₂ nanomedicines can selectively counter the tumor microenvironment, which leads to the accumulation of therapeutics or imaging agents in the diseased tissues to improve the therapeutic effects decreasing the adverse effects on the healthy cells. An overview of the basic structure and properties of MoS₂ is presented in this article, along with an elaborative description of its morphology. At the same time, an attempt was made in this review to summarize the latest developments in the MoS₂ structure, surface engineering, and nanocomposite formulations for improving biocompatibility, bioavailability, biomolecular sensing, and theranostic applications.

中文翻译：

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用于生物分子传感、疾病监测和治疗应用的 MoS2 纳米复合材料


MoS ₂ 纳米复合材料独特的理化性质引起了人们对癌症诊断和治疗的关注。大多数二维形式的 MoS ₂ 可应用于传感、催化和治疗诊断学，传统上它作为电极或嵌入剂应用于润滑和电池行业。作为纳米结构，MoS ₂ 具有非常高的表面积与体积比，有助于结构和表面的工程设计，通过共价或非共价相互作用促进各种治疗药物和生物分子的吸收。这种表面工程为MoS ₂ 提供了优异的胶体稳定性，使其成为具有更高选择性、灵敏度和生物标志物传感能力的理想纳米药物。此外，MoS ₂ 对近红外辐射和光热转换表现出非常好的光学吸收，这有助于光热和光动力治疗中有效负载的近红外响应释放。有报道称，所制备的MoS ₂ 纳米药物可以选择性地对抗肿瘤微环境，从而导致治疗剂或显像剂在病变组织中积累，从而提高治疗效果，减少对健康细胞的不利影响。本文概述了 MoS ₂ 的基本结构和性质，并对其形态进行了详细描述。同时，本文试图总结MoS ₂ 结构、表面工程和纳米复合材料配方的最新进展，以提高生物相容性、生物利用度、生物分子传感和治疗诊断应用。