Two thermodynamic processes, an adiabatic gas compression and an isothermal gas compression, taking place in a moving lab are analysed using a four-vector fundamental equation, dE ^μ = δ W ^μ + δ Q ^μ , a relativistic generalization of the first law of thermodynamics dE = δ W + δ Q. These processes are first described in frame S, with the lab at rest, and then in frame S¯ , moving with constant velocity relative to S. This formalism shows that Lorentz transformation preserves the principle of relativity in thermodynamics. The physical meaning of the norm of a four-vector is analysed, and Clausius definition of entropy variation is generalised to relativity. The classical description of the process is obtained in a moving lab by taking the low-speed limit in the four-vector fundamental equation. The formalism naturally incorporates the role of the laws of mechanics when analysing processes that are typically considered as purely thermodynamic.

中文翻译：

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相对论力学和热力学：IV。热力学过程


使用四向量基本方程 dE ^μ = δ W ^μ + δ 对移动实验室中发生的两个热力学过程（绝热气体压缩和等温气体压缩）进行分析Q ^μ ，热力学第一定律 dE = δ W + δ Q 的相对论推广。这些过程首先在框架 S 中描述，实验室处于静止状态，然后在框架 S 中描述，随着实验室的移动相对于 S 的恒定速度。这种形式表明洛伦兹变换保留了热力学中的相对论原理。分析了四向量范数的物理意义，并将克劳修斯的熵变定义推广到相对论。该过程的经典描述是在移动实验室中通过采用四矢量基本方程中的低速极限来获得的。在分析通常被认为是纯热力学的过程时，形式主义自然地结合了力学定律的作用。