High temperature superconducting (HTS) Maglev is a promising technology owing to its excellent electromagnetic properties of non-control stability and frictionless. As a critical component of HTS Maglev, the turnout poses challenges due to the use of the permanent magnet guideways (PMGs) that are difficult to switch mechanically. With simple structure and rapid responsiveness, electromagnetic turnout has become an interesting research field of HTS Maglev. The electromagnetic turnout is designed to control the electromagnetic force of the HTS bulks by adjusting the magnetic field using an electromagnetic-permanent magnetic structure. However, the magnetic field generated by the combination of the electromagnet and the PMs inevitably differs from the magnetic field above the PMGs, affecting the electromagnetic force behavior of the HTS bulks. To guarantee optimal performance of the electromagnetic turnout, the variation process of the magnetic field peak above the turnout is analyzed. Furthermore, a three-dimensional superconducting model based on the H -formulation and motion equation is built to obtain the electromagnetic force of the HTS bulks passing the turnout. It’s concluded that higher cooling heights in the preparation and higher working heights in the turnout area are recommended to reduce the magnetic resistance and avoid the destabilizing effect. In addition, the smaller bulks experience greater resistance, and the longer bulks are prone to nodding, while the wider bulks are prone to shaking above the turnout. Properly matching HTS bulks with operating conditions improves electromagnetic force behavior and benefits HTS Maglev turnout passability.

中文翻译：

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超导体通过电磁道岔的电磁力行为


高温超导（HTS）磁悬浮由于其非控制稳定性和无摩擦的优异电磁特性而成为一项很有前途的技术。作为 HTS 磁悬浮列车的关键部件，道岔由于使用难以机械切换的永磁导轨 (PMG) 而带来了挑战。电磁道岔由于结构简单、响应速度快，已成为高温超导磁悬浮的一个有趣的研究领域。电磁道岔旨在通过使用电磁-永磁结构调节磁场来控制高温超导块体的电磁力。然而，电磁体和永磁体组合产生的磁场不可避免地与永磁体上方的磁场不同，从而影响高温超导体的电磁力行为。为了保证电磁道岔的最佳性能，分析了道岔上方磁场峰值的变化过程。此外，建立了基于H公式和运动方程的三维超导模型，以获得通过道岔的高温超导块体的电磁力。结论是，建议在准备阶段采用较高的冷却高度，在道岔区域采用较高的工作高度，以减少磁阻并避免不稳定效应。此外，较小的散装物会受到更大的阻力，较长的散装物容易点头，而较宽的散装物容易在道岔上方晃动。将高温超导散装体与运行条件正确匹配可改善电磁力行为，并有利于高温超导磁悬浮道岔的通过性。