Reviewed by:

• Agricultural Landscapes of Al-Andalus, and the Aftermath of Feudal Conquest ed. by Helena Kirchner and Flocel Sabaté
• Nicholas D. Brodie

This volume brings together considerable research experience and expertise, pooling common interests in the archaeology of water control systems both to explore such systems and to investigate connections between documentary records and landscape archaeology. It offers interesting insights that will help scholars better understand both the agricultural and pastoral histories of Al-Andalus and the potential and limitations of hydraulic archaeology as an investigative mechanism.

The opening chapter by Eugènia Sitjes, on the Andalusi settlements of Manacor, is indicative of the sort of methodological richness that follows, with a multifaceted approach that integrates toponymic analysis and documentary evidence, all supplemented by the use of digital data management tools. Describing the settlements, the author points to their interconnectedness, and a ‘corridor’ effect’ (p. 50). This is part of the volume’s first section, which addresses peasant irrigation systems. The second contribution to this section is Antoni Ferrer and Helena Kirchner’s study of Ibizan watermills, which similarly blends documentary and archaeological analysis to undertake the difficult task of understanding the sequence of construction in long-used structures. The authors suggest there are four major construction phases but also conclude that ‘hydraulic elements are significantly resilient to change’ (p. 88). Nonetheless, they also note that there remains evidence of the impact of the feudal rent system on windmill-equipped hydraulic systems. Signs of transition resulting from the Christian conquest are squarely in the sights of Enric Guinot Rodríguez, whose chapter offers a case study of an unusual system where the marker between periods is not so much abrupt technological change but rather periodic signs of growth. This is important [End Page 230] for highlighting that despite its relatively obscure origins, the technological system seemed to evidence little disruption either from the thirteenth-century conquest or the 1609 expulsions, meaning that the site can work as a window into ‘the organization of agricultural spaces in the Andalusi period’ (p. 119).

Urban irrigation is the focus of the volume’s second section, wherein Ferran Esquilache investigates the origins of Valencia’s major irrigation system, the Horta. In this fascinating chapter, the author posits three phases of development, broadly equating to an original village cluster phase, an extension phase, and an infill phase, and argues strongly for a peasant-led sequence of construction, largely responding to population growth, rather than a state-directed model of construction. In a second chapter focusing on urban irrigation, Helena Kirchner, Antoni Virgili, and Arnald Puy investigate hydraulic systems to the north and south of Tortosa, highlighting again the complementarity of archaeological and documentary analyses as tools for investigating complex landscapes.

The book closes with a series of chapters focused on hydraulic elements in dry farming and pasturelands. Félix Retamero highlights that the difference between dry and wet farming is a matter of scale and intensity rather than absolutes, and offers pointers for future directions of research along now familiar lines concerning whether and by whom hydraulic systems are designed, built, and maintained. Retamero draws particular attention to the need to consider the economic priorities of the peasantry as well as wider contextual factors like population change. While noting the significance of population growth and retraction, the final chapter by Josep Torró similarly uses a case study to reveal the importance of appreciating the complementarity of stockbreeding and agricultural systems. Torró also argues that the construction of hydraulic systems for pastoral use ‘is comparable to the construction of irrigated systems’ (p. 229) in the sense of their being proof of a communal resource and undertaking. An interesting element of this system worth noting is also the role and significance within the whole system of the transportation of manure, which again serves to underline the interconnectedness of pastoral and agricultural endeavours...

审阅者：

• 安达卢斯的农业景观和封建征服的后果编辑。作者：Helena Kirchner 和 Flocel Sabaté
• 尼古拉斯·D·布罗迪

本书汇集了丰富的研究经验和专业知识，汇集了对水控制系统考古学的共同兴趣，以探索此类系统并调查文献记录与景观考古学之间的联系。它提供了有趣的见解，将帮助学者们更好地了解安达卢斯的农业和畜牧历史以及水利考古学作为一种研究机制的潜力和局限性。

Eugènia Sitjes 的开篇章节介绍了马纳科尔的安达卢西亚定居点，该章表明了接下来的方法论丰富性，采用了整合地名分析和文献证据的多方面方法，所有这些都通过数字数据的使用进行了补充管理工具。在描述这些定居点时，作者指出了它们的相互关联性和“走廊”效应”（第 50 页）。这是本书第一部分的一部分，主要讨论农民灌溉系统。本节的第二个贡献是 Antoni Ferrer 和 Helena Kirchner 对伊维萨水磨坊的研究，该研究同样融合了文献和考古分析，以承担理解长期使用结构的施工顺序的艰巨任务。作者认为有四个主要施工阶段，但也得出结论，“液压元件对变化具有显着的弹性”（第 88 页）。尽管如此，他们还指出，仍然有证据表明封建租金制度对风车配备的液压系统的影响。基督教征服所带来的转变迹象直接出现在恩里克·吉诺·罗德里格斯的视野中，他的章节提供了一个不寻常系统的案例研究，其中时期之间的标志不是突然的技术变革，而是周期性的增长迹象。这一点很重要[End Page 230]，因为它强调了尽管其起源相对模糊，但技术体系似乎没有受到十三世纪征服的破坏或 1609 年的驱逐，这意味着该地点可以作为了解“安达卢西时期农业空间组织”的窗口（第 119 页）。

城市灌溉是本书第二部分的重点，费兰·埃斯奎拉什研究了巴伦西亚主要灌溉系统奥尔塔的起源。在这一引人入胜的章节中，作者提出了三个发展阶段，大致相当于原始村庄集群阶段、扩展阶段​​和填充阶段，并强烈主张农民主导的建设序列，主要响应于人口增长，而不是人口增长。而不是国家指导的建设模式。在聚焦于城市灌溉的第二章中，Helena Kirchner、Antoni Virgili 和 Arnald Puy 研究了托尔托萨北部和南部的水利系统，再次强调了考古和文献分析作为研究复杂景观工具的互补性。

本书最后的一系列章节重点介绍了旱作农业和牧场中的水力要素。 Félix Retamero 强调，干耕和湿耕之间的差异是规模和强度的问题，而不是绝对的问题，并为未来的研究方向提供了指导，沿着现在熟悉的路线，即液压系统是否以及由谁设计、建造和维护。雷塔梅罗特别强调需要考虑农民的经济优先事项以及人口变化等更广泛的背景因素。在注意到人口增长和减少的重要性的同时，何塞普·托罗的最后一章同样使用案例研究来揭示认识畜牧业和农业系统互补性的重要性。托罗还认为，用于牧区的水利系统的建设“与灌溉系统的建设相当”（第 229 页），因为它们是公共资源和事业的证明。该系统中值得注意的一个有趣元素是粪便运输在整个系统中的作用和重要性，这再次强调了牧区和农业努力的相互关联性......