Human-AI interaction in text production increases complexity in authorship. In two empirical studies (n1 = 30 & n2 = 96), we investigate authorship and ownership in human-AI collaboration for personalized language generation. We show an AI Ghostwriter Effect: Users do not consider themselves the owners and authors of AI-generated text but refrain from publicly declaring AI authorship. Personalization of AI-generated texts did not impact the AI Ghostwriter Effect, and higher levels of participants’ influence on texts increased their sense of ownership. Participants were more likely to attribute ownership to supposedly human ghostwriters than AI ghostwriters, resulting in a higher ownership-authorship discrepancy for human ghostwriters. Rationalizations for authorship in AI ghostwriters and human ghostwriters were similar. We discuss how our findings relate to psychological ownership and human-AI interaction to lay the foundations for adapting authorship frameworks and user interfaces in AI in text-generation tasks.

文本生成中的人机交互增加了作者身份的复杂性。在两项实证研究（n1 = 30 和 n2 = 96）中，我们调查了人机协作中个性化语言生成的作者身份和所有权。我们展示了人工智能代笔效应：用户并不认为自己是人工智能生成文本的所有者和作者，但避免公开声明人工智能作者身份。人工智能生成文本的个性化并没有影响人工智能代笔效应，参与者对文本的影响力水平越高，他们的主人翁意识就越强。与人工智能代笔相比，参与者更有可能将所有权归于所谓的人类代笔，从而导致人类代笔的所有权与作者之间存在更大的差异。人工智能代笔作家和人类代笔作家的作者合理化是相似的。我们讨论了我们的发现如何与心理所有权和人机交互相关，为在文本生成任务中调整人工智能中的作者框架和用户界面奠定基础。