Culturing kelps for commercial, conservation, and scientific purposes is becoming increasingly widespread. However, kelp aquaculture methods are typically designed for ocean-based farms, and these methods may not be applicable for smaller scale cultivation efforts common in research and restoration. Growing kelps in closed, recirculating culture systems may address many of these constraints, yet closed system approaches have remained largely undescribed. Extensive declines of the bull kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana), an ecologically important canopy species in the Northeast Pacific, have received widespread attention and prompted numerous research and conservation initiatives. Here, we detail two approaches for cultivating N. luetkeana sporophytes in closed recirculating systems. Nereocystis luetkeana were reared as attached thalli in custom seaweed growth flumes and also free-floating in tumble culture tanks. Careful control of stocking density, water motion, aeration, and nutrient levels allowed for rapid growth and normal morphogenesis of laboratory-grown kelp. Culture systems reached up to 3 kg · m⁻³, and individual thalli attained lengths of up to 6 m before the trials were terminated. Our results demonstrate the potential of recirculating, closed culture systems to overcome limitations associated with traditional culture methods. Recirculating systems enable the precise control of culture conditions, improving biosecurity and facilitating cultivar development and other research. Kelps can be grown away from the ocean or outside their native ranges, and seasonal or annual species can be produced year-round without seasonal constraints.

中文翻译：

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按需海带：用于研究和恢复的大型公海带孢子体培养的封闭系统协议

用于商业、保护和科学目的的海带养殖正变得越来越普遍。然而，海带水产养殖方法通常是为海洋农场设计的，这些方法可能不适用于研究和恢复中常见的小规模养殖工作。在封闭的循环培养系统中种植海带可能会解决许多这些限制，但封闭系统的方法在很大程度上仍未得到描述。东北太平洋具有重要生态意义的树冠物种——海带（Nereocystis luetkeana ）的大幅减少已受到广泛关注，并引发了众多研究和保护举措。在这里，我们详细介绍了在封闭再循环系统中培养N. luetkeana孢子体的两种方法。Nereocystis luetkeana在定制的海藻生长槽中作为附着菌体进行培养，并且在翻滚培养池中自由漂浮。仔细控制饲养密度、水运动、通气和营养水平，使实验室种植的海带能够快速生长和正常形态发生。在试验终止之前，培养系统达到3 kg·m ^-3，个体菌体长度达到6 m。我们的结果证明了循环、封闭培养系统克服传统培养方法的局限性的潜力。再循环系统可以精确控制培养条件，提高生物安全性并促进品种开发和其他研究。海带可以在远离海洋或在其原生范围之外生长，季节性或一年生物种可以全年生产，不受季节限制。