Open innovation (OI) is increasingly being adopted by city administrations and municipalities. However, the extent to which the public sector applies OI is yet unclear. Furthermore, studies in OI in public organizations has primarily focused on citizen inclusion and the barriers and drivers of attracting and engaging citizens and seldom considered other external actors, such as academia and other public organizations. Consequently, this study reviews the literature on OI in public organizations and applies the concept of organizational boundary to interpret the relationships among OI actors in the public sector. The review identifies that the maturity of OI in public organizations are low between all actors and these organizations differ to a great extent in terms of which aspects of organizational boundary are open. However, grand challenges and social innovation are exceptions demonstrating a high level of maturity. Furthermore, the use of intermediaries has the potential of opening all aspect of boundaries and hence achieving a high level of success. Finally, the framework presented in this review is used to suggest future research.

开放式创新 (OI) 越来越多地被城市管理部门和市政当局采用。然而，公共部门在多大程度上应用开放式投资尚不清楚。此外，公共组织中的 OI 研究主要集中在公民包容性以及吸引和参与公民的障碍和驱动因素，很少考虑其他外部参与者，例如学术界和其他公共组织。因此，本研究回顾了公共组织中的 OI 文献，并应用组织边界的概念来解释公共部门​​中 OI 参与者之间的关系。审查发现，公共组织中所有参与者之间的 OI 成熟度较低，并且这些组织在组织边界的哪些方面是开放的方面存在很大差异。然而，重大挑战和社会创新是表现出高度成熟度的例外。此外，中介机构的使用有可能打开各个方面的界限，从而取得很高的成功。最后，本综述中提出的框架用于建议未来的研究。