We report on a study of the Multiview Observatory for Solar Terrestrial Science (MOST) mission that will provide comprehensive imagery and time series data needed to understand the magnetic connection between the solar interior and the solar atmosphere/inner heliosphere. MOST will build upon the successes of SOHO and STEREO missions with new views of the Sun and enhanced instrument capabilities. This article is based on a study conducted at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center that determined the required instrument refinement, spacecraft accommodation, launch configuration, and flight dynamics for mission success. MOST is envisioned as the next generation great observatory positioned to obtain three-dimensional information of large-scale heliospheric structures such as coronal mass ejections, stream interaction regions, and the solar wind itself. The MOST mission consists of 2 pairs of spacecraft located in the vicinity of Sun-Earth Lagrange points L4 (MOST1, MOST3) and L5 (MOST2 and MOST4). The spacecraft stationed at L4 (MOST1) and L5 (MOST2) will each carry seven remote-sensing and three in-situ instrument suites, including a novel radio package known as the Faraday Effect Tracker of Coronal and Heliospheric structures (FETCH). MOST3 and MOST4 will carry only the FETCH instruments and are positioned at variable locations along the Earth orbit up to 20° ahead of L4 and 20° behind L5, respectively. FETCH will have polarized radio transmitters and receivers on all four spacecraft to measure the magnetic content of solar wind structures propagating from the Sun to Earth using the Faraday rotation technique. The MOST mission will be able to sample the magnetized plasma throughout the Sun-Earth connected space during the mission lifetime over a solar cycle.

我们报告了一项关于日地科学多视图观测站 (MOST) 任务的研究，该任务将提供了解太阳内部与太阳大气/内日光层之间的磁联系所需的全面图像和时间序列数据。MOST 将建立在 SOHO 和 STEREO 任务成功的基础上，提供新的太阳视角和增强的仪器功能。本文基于美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心进行的一项研究，该研究确定了任务成功所需的仪器改进、航天器住宿、发射配置和飞行动力学。MOST 被设想为下一代大型天文台，旨在获取大型日光层结构的三维信息，例如日冕物质抛射、流相互作用区域和太阳风本身。MOST任务由位于日地拉格朗日点L4（MOST1、MOST3）和L5（MOST2和MOST4）附近的2对航天器组成。驻扎在 L4 (MOST1) 和 L5 (MOST2) 的航天器将各自携带七个遥感仪器套件和三个现场仪器套件，包括一个称为日冕和日光层结构法拉第效应跟踪器 (FETCH) 的新型无线电套件。MOST3 和 MOST4 将仅携带 FETCH 仪器，并位于地球轨道上的不同位置，分别位于 L4 前方 20° 和 L5 后方 20° 以内。FETCH 将在所有四艘航天器上配备偏振无线电发射器和接收器，以利用法拉第旋转技术测量从太阳传播到地球的太阳风结构的磁性含量。MOST 任务将能够在一个太阳周期的任务寿命期间对整个日地相连空间的磁化等离子体进行采样。