Three species of catfish, Silurus biwaensis, Silurus lithophilus, and Silurus asotus, are identified in Lake Biwa. Notably, S. biwaensis and S. lithophilus are endemic species in Lake Biwa; however, their detailed distribution and ecology almost remain unknown. In this study, we developed catfish species-specific primer probe sets based on their whole genome. Using these, we analyzed the water samples collected from three tanks where S. biwaensis, S. lithophilus, and S. asotus were experimentally reared, respectively, and established a new detection system after confirming each primer probe set to be effective. Finally, we conducted environmental DNA analysis for catfishes in Lake Biwa using field samples. Overall, our results showed that environmental DNA analysis is a useful monitoring method for confirming the presence of endemic catfishes in Lake Biwa.

三种鲶鱼，鲶鱼，鲶鱼 和鲶，在琵琶湖中被发现。值得注意的是，S. biwaensis 和 S。 philhophilus是琵琶湖的特有物种；然而，它们的详细分布和生态几乎仍然未知。在这项研究中，我们基于鲶鱼的全基因组开发了特定于鲶鱼物种的引物探针组。利用这些，我们分析了从三个水箱收集的水样，其中S。 biwaensis, S.嗜石菌和S。分别对asotus进行实验饲养，并在确认各引物探针组有效后建立了新的检测体系。最后，我们利用现场样本对琵琶湖鲶鱼进行了环境 DNA 分析。总的来说，我们的结果表明环境 DNA 分析是确认琵琶湖特有鲶鱼存在的有用监测方法。