Fritillaria has important medicinal and horticultural values. This research aims to comprehensively assess the taxonomic relevance of micro-anatomical features within ten species belonging to Fritillaria subgenus Fritillaria, namely F. aurea, F. bithynica, F. crassifolia, F. enginiana, F. glaucoviridis, F. kittaniae, F. serpenticola, F. sibthorpiana, F. wendelboi, and F. whittallii, utilizing light microscopy. The majority of these species exhibit endemism within the Turkish Mediterranean Region, with F. aurea and F. crassifolia representing endemic Irano-Turanian elements, while the rest are native to the Eastern Mediterranean Region. In this anatomical investigation, we described and compare the cross-sections of the stem and leaves. Results revealed substantial variation in anatomical traits among the studied species. The presence or absence of eglandular trichomes, crystal granules in the leaf surface and cross section and in stem pith region, and the arrangement of parenchymal and sclerenchymal layers in the stem offered useful taxonomic markers. Similarly, leaf characteristics such as epidermal cell sizes, stomatal indices, mesophyll types, and guard cell shapes provided distinguishing features. A dichotomous key was developed based on these anatomical traits to aid in the accurate identification of Fritillaria species, highlighting the practical utility of these features in taxonomic studies. The findings underscore the importance of micro-anatomical traits as valuable tools for distinguishing and classifying plant species, especially in cases where morphological traits alone may not provide sufficient differentiation.

贝母具有重要的药用和园艺价值。本研究旨在全面评估贝母亚属10 个物种（即F. aurea、F. bithynica、F. crassifolia、F. enginiana、F. glaucoviridis、F. kittaniae、F. fritillaria）的微观解剖特征的分类学相关性。serpenticola、F. sibthorpiana、F. wendelboi和F. Whittallii，利用光学显微镜观察。这些物种中的大多数在土耳其地中海地区表现出特有性，其中F. aurea和F. crassifolia代表特有的伊朗-图兰尼亚元素，而其余物种则原产于东地中海地区。在这次解剖研究中，我们描述并比较了茎和叶的横截面。结果显示，所研究物种之间的解剖特征存在显着差异。无腺毛的存在或不存在、叶表面和横截面以及茎髓区域中的晶体颗粒以及茎中实质层和巩膜层的排列提供了有用的分类标记。同样，表皮细胞大小、气孔指数、叶肉类型和保卫细胞形状等叶子特征也提供了显着特征。基于这些解剖特征开发了二分键，以帮助准确识别贝母物种，突出了这些特征在分类学研究中的实际用途。研究结果强调了微观解剖特征作为区分和分类植物物种的宝贵工具的重要性，特别是在仅形态特征可能无法提供足够区分的情况下。