Abstract

This article discusses some approaches to building a system of indicators reflecting the state and dynamics of the transition to low-carbon development in Russia. To this end, the authors have analyzed a system of indicators reflecting progress in achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals in the context of transitioning to a low-carbon economy. As part of the study, additional indicators are proposed and partially calculated for inclusion in the system (such as the carbon footprint of use and production in Russia in order to use the net carbon export indicator). CO₂ emissions contained in manufactured goods and implicit in exports are calculated on the basis of an input–output model. In addition, the indicators of carbon dioxide absorption by forests in the regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation are considered. This indicator is obtained on the basis of conversion–volumetric coefficients in the context of age groups. The experience of China and Germany in the develpment of renewable energy is considered, an analysis of the energy intensity indicators of regions of Russia is conducted, indicators of the absorption of greenhouse gases by forests are calculated, and proposals are made to improve the indicators of low-carbon development. The study reveals a significant gap between produced and consumed carbon dioxide emissions, which is determined by the large export of carbon emissions, while the volume of carbon emissions from the forests of the Russian Arctic is 168.8 million t of CO₂ per year. The proposed system of indicators of the transition to low-carbon development for various levels complements the known indicators of the low-carbon segment of the Sustainable Development Goals with relevant indicators, such as an increase in electricity production from renewable sources, the share of public transport running on batteries, and carbon absorption by ecosystems. Currently, the system includes ten indicators, representing four main areas (energy intensity, carbon intensity, introduction of cleaner energy sources, and carbon uptake by ecosystems).

中文翻译：

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俄罗斯向低碳发展转型的指标

摘要

本文讨论了建立反映俄罗斯低碳发展转型状况和动态的指标体系的一些方法。为此，作者分析了反映向低碳经济转型背景下实现联合国可持续发展目标进展情况的指标体系。作为研究的一部分，提出并部分计算了附加指标以纳入系统（例如俄罗斯使用和生产的碳足迹，以便使用净碳出口指标）。制成品中包含的CO ₂排放量和出口中隐含的CO 2 排放量是根据投入产出模型计算的。此外，还考虑了俄罗斯联邦北极地区森林吸收二氧化碳的指标。该指标是根据年龄组的换算体积系数得出的。借鉴中德两国发展可再生能源的经验，对俄罗斯各地区能源强度指标进行分析，计算森林吸收温室气体指标，提出改进森林吸收温室气体指标的建议。低碳发展。研究表明，二氧化碳排放量与消费量之间存在显着差距，这是由大量碳排放量输出决定的，而俄罗斯北极森林的碳排放量为每年1.688亿吨CO 2 _。拟议的各级向低碳发展过渡的指标体系用相关指标补充了可持续发展目标低碳部分的已知指标，例如可再生能源发电量的增加、公共发电所占比例等。依靠电池运行的运输以及生态系统的碳吸收。目前，该体系包括十个指标，代表四个主要领域（能源强度、碳强度、清洁能源的引入和生态系统的碳吸收）。