Brain metastasis from lung cancer is a prevalent mode of treatment failure associated with a poor prognosis. The incidence of brain metastasis has recently shown a dramatic increase. The early detection and risk stratification of lung cancer-related brain metastasis would be highly advantageous for patients. However, our current knowledge and comprehension of the underlying mechanisms driving brain metastasis in lung cancer pose significant challenges. This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying brain metastasis, focusing on the intricate interplay between lung cancer-derived tumor cells and the unique characteristics of the brain, recent advancements in the identification of driver genes, concomitant genes, epigenetic features, including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, as well as the molecular characterization of brain metastasis originating from other organs, which may further enhance risk stratification and facilitate precise treatment strategies.

中文翻译：

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肺癌脑转移分子机制最新进展综述

肺癌脑转移是一种常见的治疗失败模式，与预后不良相关。最近，脑转移的发生率急剧增加。肺癌相关脑转移的早期检测和风险分层对于患者来说非常有利。然而，我们目前对肺癌脑转移驱动机制的了解和理解提出了重大挑战。这篇综述总结了脑转移的机制，重点关注肺癌来源的肿瘤细胞与大脑独特特征之间复杂的相互作用，驱动基因、伴随基因、表观遗传特征（包括微小RNA和长非RNA）识别的最新进展。编码 RNA 以及源自其他器官的脑转移的分子特征，这可能会进一步增强风险分层并促进精确的治疗策略。