Although neonicotinoids are widely used and important insecticide, there are growing concerns about their effect on nontarget insects and other organisms. Moreover, the effects of nitenpyram (NIT), a second generation of neonicotinoid insecticides, on Chrysopa pallens are still unclear. Therefore, this study purposed to investigate the acute toxicity of NIT to C. pallens using the spotting method. To examine the potential effects of a sublethal dose of NIT (LD₃₀, 1.85 ng of active ingredient per insect) on C. pallens, we constructed the life tables and analyzed the transcriptome data. The life table results showed that the period of second instar larvae, adult pre-oviposition period and total pre-oviposition period were significantly prolonged after exposure to sublethal dose of NIT, but had no significant effects on the other instars, longevity, oviposition days, and fecundity. The population parameters, including the preadult survival rate, gross reproduction rate, net reproductive rate, the intrinsic rate of increase, and finite rate of increase, were not significantly affected, and only the mean generation time was significantly prolonged by NIT. Transcriptome analysis showed that there were 68 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 50 upregulated genes and 18 downregulated genes. Moreover, 13 DEGs related to heat shock protein, nose resistant to fluoxetine protein 6, and prophenoloxidas were upregulated. This study showed the potential effects of sublethal doses of NIT on C. pallens and provided a theoretical reference for the comprehensive application of chemical and biological control in integrated pest management.

中文翻译：

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适应性效应和转录谱揭示烯啶虫胺对捕食者 Chrysopa pallens（脉翅目：草蛉科）的亚致死作用

尽管新烟碱类杀虫剂被广泛使用且是重要的杀虫剂，但人们越来越担心它们对非目标昆虫和其他生物的影响。此外，第二代新烟碱类杀虫剂烯啶虫胺（NIT）对草蛉的作用仍不清楚。因此，本研究旨在采用点样法研究NIT对苍白念珠菌的急性毒性。为了研究亚致死剂量的 NIT（LD ₃₀，每只昆虫 1.85 ng 活性成分）对C. pallens的潜在影响，我们构建了生命表并分析了转录组数据。生命表结果表明，亚致死剂量NIT处理后，二龄幼虫的寿命、成虫产卵前期和总产卵前期均显着延长，但对其他龄期、寿命、产卵天数、产卵天数等无显着影响。和繁殖力。NIT对群体参数，包括成体前存活率、总繁殖率、净繁殖率、内在增长率和有限增长率没有显着影响，只有平均世代时间被NIT显着延长。转录组分析显示，共有68个差异表达基因（DEG），其中上调基因50个，下调基因18个。此外，与热休克蛋白、鼻抗氟西汀蛋白6和酚氧化酶相关的13个DEG上调。本研究揭示了亚致死剂量NIT对苍白蝽的潜在影响，为化学防治和生物防治在害虫综合治理中的综合应用提供理论参考。