We use recent developments within philosophy of science and within certain strands of linguistic research to throw light on each other. According to Ronald Giere's perspectivist philosophy of science, the scientific understanding of reality must proceed along different, mutually irreducible lines of approach. Giere's proposal, however, leaves unresolved the problem of how to integrate the ever-growing multitude of highly diverse scientific accounts of what is, after all, one and the same world. We propose a technique for the alignment of different perspectives that will permit cross-perspectival explanation, and thus allow for a more holistic picture of reality to emerge. With respect to modern linguistics, however, Giere's perspectivism merely legalises a de facto state of affairs, as this discipline displays the peaceful coexistence of a multitude of different theoretical perspectives. Still, this makes it all the more important to show how the different aspects of language picked out by these different perspectives combine to form one single complex reality. During our investigation, a largely overlooked type of reduction within linguistics comes to light, prevalent in classical as well as current work within speech act theory and politeness theory. We suggest how a more holistic understanding of language can be attained through our technique for integrating different perspectives.

中文翻译：

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还原主义与透视主义与整体论：科学哲学的一个关键主题及其在现代语言学中的应用

我们利用科学哲学和某些语言研究领域的最新发展来相互阐明。根据罗纳德·吉尔的透视主义科学哲学，对现实的科学理解必须沿着不同的、相互不可简化的方法进行。然而，吉尔的提议没有解决一个问题，即如何整合日益增长的高度多样化的科学描述，毕竟这个世界是同一个世界。我们提出了一种协调不同视角的技术，该技术将允许跨视角解释，从而允许出现更全面的现实图景。然而，就现代语言学而言，吉尔的视角主义只是将事实上的事态合法化，因为这门学科展示了多种不同理论观点的和平共处。尽管如此，这使得展示这些不同观点所挑选的语言的不同方面如何结合起来形成一个复杂的现实变得更加重要。在我们的调查过程中，语言学中一种很大程度上被忽视的还原类型被发现，这种还原类型在言语行为理论和礼貌理论的经典以及当前工作中普遍存在。我们建议如何通过我们整合不同观点的技术来获得对语言的更全面的理解。