In recent years, biocatalysts have emerged as crucial tool in organic synthesis, particularly for the production of drug intermediates and precursors, e.g., the synthesis of hydroxamic acids. Traditionally, hydroxamic acids were synthesized using organic chemistry methods. However, with the growing emphasis on sustainable and environment-friendly practices, the chemical industry has increasingly turned towards green synthesis approaches. The significance of hydroxamic acids in medicinal chemistry has also contributed to the changing trends. Following the approval of certain hydroxamic acids as histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors for cancer treatment by the Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA), there has been a renewed focus on their synthesis and the development of derivatives with improved properties. As an alternative route, amidases have emerged as promising biocatalysts for hydroxamic acid synthesis through their acyltransferase activity. Recent advancements in the synthesis approaches for hydroxamic acids are reviewed. The biocatalytic routes are explored, emphasizing the use of amidases and their acyltransferase activity. The scope and potential applications of this chemoenzymatic approach in synthesizing various hydroxamic acids and their derivatives are discussed. Such advancements have the potential to revolutionize the production of these important compounds, making the synthesis process more sustainable, efficient, and economically viable.

中文翻译：

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异羟肟酸形成的酶催化剂：小综述

近年来，生物催化剂已成为有机合成中的重要工具，特别是用于药物中间体和前体的生产，例如异羟肟酸的合成。传统上，异羟肟酸是使用有机化学方法合成的。然而，随着对可持续和环境友好实践的日益重视，化学工业越来越多地转向绿色合成方法。异羟肟酸在药物化学中的重要性也促成了趋势的变化。继美国食品和药物管理局 (US-FDA) 批准某些异羟肟酸作为组蛋白脱乙酰酶 (HDAC) 抑制剂用于癌症治疗后，人们重新关注其合成和具有改进特性的衍生物的开发。作为一种替代途径，酰胺酶已成为通过其酰基转移酶活性用于异羟肟酸合成的有前途的生物催化剂。综述了异羟肟酸合成方法的最新进展。探索了生物催化途径，强调酰胺酶的使用及其酰基转移酶活性。讨论了这种化学酶法在合成各种异羟肟酸及其衍生物中的范围和潜在应用。这些进步有可能彻底改变这些重要化合物的生产，使合成过程更加可持续、高效且经济可行。