In many developed countries, population aging raises a number of issues related to the organization and financing of long-term care. While the determinants of the overall burden and cost of care are well understood, the organization of institutionalized long-term care must meet the needs of the elderly. One way to optimize management is to use information on health problems to assess the infrastructure needed, the qualifications of staff, and the allocation of new entrants. In this research, we determine the typical health profiles of institutionalized elderly using novel longitudinal data from nursing homes in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland. Our data contain comprehensive information on health factors such as impairments of psychological and sensory functions, levels of limitations, and pathologies for 21 549 individuals covering the period from 1996 to 2018. First, we perform a spectral clustering algorithm and determine the profiles of the institutionalized individuals. Then, we use multinomial logistic regression to study the effects of the factors that determine these health profiles. Our main findings include eight typical health profiles: the largest group consists of the most “healthy” individuals, who, on average, require the least amount of help with their daily needs and who stay in the institution the longest. We show that, in contrast to age at admission and gender, the limitations and the set of pathologies are relevant factors in determining the profile. Our study sheds light on the typical structures of elderly' health profiles, which can be used by institutions to organize their resources and by insurance companies to derive profile-based products that provide additional insurance coverage in case of special needs.

在许多发达国家，人口老龄化引发了许多与长期护理的组织和融资相关的问题。虽然总体负担和护理费用的决定因素已广为人知，但机构化长期护理的组织必须满足老年人的需求。优化管理的一种方法是利用有关健康问题的信息来评估所需的基础设施、员工的资格以及新进入者的分配。在这项研究中，我们利用瑞士日内瓦州疗养院的新纵向数据确定了住院老年人的典型健康状况。 我们的数据包含1996 年至 2018 年期间21 549 名个体的健康因素的全面信息，例如心理和感觉功能损伤、限制水平和病理状况。首先，我们执行谱聚类算法并确定住院患者的概况个人。然后，我们使用多项逻辑回归来研究决定这些健康状况的因素的影响。我们的主要发现包括八种典型的健康状况：最大的群体由最“健康”的个人组成，平均而言，他们在满足日常需求方面需要的帮助最少，并且在机构中停留的时间最长。我们表明，与入院时的年龄和性别相比，局限性和病理状况是确定概况的相关因素。我们的研究揭示了老年人健康档案的典型结构，机构可以利用这些结构来组织资源，保险公司可以利用这些结构来衍生基于档案的产品，在特殊需要的情况下提供额外的保险范围。