With the rising tide of fatty liver disease related to metabolic dysfunction worldwide, the association of this common liver disease with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become increasingly evident. In 2020, the more inclusive term metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) was proposed to replace the old term non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In 2023, a modified Delphi process was led by three large pan-national liver associations. There was consensus to change the fatty liver disease nomenclature and definition to include the presence of at least one of five common cardiometabolic risk factors as diagnostic criteria. The name chosen to replace NAFLD was metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). The change of nomenclature from NAFLD to MAFLD and then MASLD has resulted in a reappraisal of the epidemiological trends and associations with the risk of developing CKD. The observed association between MAFLD/MASLD and CKD and our understanding that CKD can be an epiphenomenon linked to underlying metabolic dysfunction support the notion that individuals with MASLD are at substantially higher risk of incident CKD than those without MASLD. This narrative review provides an overview of the literature on (a) the evolution of criteria for diagnosing this highly prevalent metabolic liver disease, (b) the epidemiological evidence linking MASLD to the risk of CKD, (c) the underlying mechanisms by which MASLD (and factors strongly linked with MASLD) may increase the risk of developing CKD, and (d) the potential drug treatments that may benefit both MASLD and CKD.

随着全球范围内与代谢功能障碍相关的脂肪肝疾病的兴起，这种常见的肝脏疾病与慢性肾脏病（CKD）的关联变得越来越明显。2020年，更具包容性的术语代谢功能障碍相关脂肪肝病（MAFLD）被提出来取代旧术语非酒精性脂肪肝病（NAFLD）。2023 年，三个大型泛国家肝脏协会领导了修改后的德尔菲流程。人们一致同意改变脂肪肝疾病的命名和定义，将五种常见心脏代谢危险因素中的至少一种作为诊断标准。取代 NAFLD 的名称是代谢功能障碍相关脂肪肝病 (MASLD)。命名法从 NAFLD 到 MAFLD，再到 MASLD 的变化导致人们重新评估流行病学趋势以及​​与 CKD 风险的关联。观察到的 MAFLD/MASLD 与 CKD 之间的关联，以及我们对 CKD 可能是与潜在代谢功能障碍相关的附带现象的理解，支持这样的观点：患有 MASLD 的个体比没有 MASLD 的个体发生 CKD 的风险要高得多。这篇叙述性综述概述了以下方面的文献：(a) 诊断这种高度流行的代谢性肝病的标准的演变；(b) 将 MASLD 与 CKD 风险联系起来的流行病学证据；(c) MASLD 的潜在机制。 (d) 可能使 MASLD 和 CKD 受益的潜在药物治疗。