The remarkable group of tools was detected among the hunter-gatherer-fishers’ archaeological materials of the East European Plain central part dated around 3500–2700 BC. The so-called “crooked items” were initially interpreted as ritual phallic depictions, but now after conducting a more detailed analysis of their morphology, technology, and use-wear, it became clear that we deal with pressure flakers used to process flint tools. The most astonishing fact is that the straight parallel to these tools exists, coming from the opposite side of the globe, namely, the Bering Strait region – Kamchatka, Chukotka, and Alaska, where the same tools are known quite well both in archaeological and ethnographical collections. In this study, we discuss the results of use-wear analysis of both handles and removable tips from the Central Russian settlements of Moscow, Ivanovo, and Yaroslavl regions dated the second half of the fourth to the beginning of the third millennium BC.

中文翻译：

---

东欧新石器时代晚期森林狩猎、采集、渔民及其遥远同类的压力刨片机

这组非凡的工具是在东欧平原中部的狩猎采集渔民考古材料中发现的，其年代可追溯到公元前 3500 年至 2700 年左右。所谓的“弯曲物品”最初被解释为仪式性的阴茎描绘，但现在在对其形态、技术和使用磨损进行更详细的分析后，很明显我们处理的是用于加工燧石工具的压力削片机。最令人惊讶的事实是，与这些工具平行的直线存在，来自地球的另一边，即白令海峡地区——堪察加半岛、楚科奇半岛和阿拉斯加，这些地方的相同工具在考古学和人种学方面都广为人知。收藏。在这项研究中，我们讨论了对公元前四世纪下半叶至公元前三世纪初俄罗斯中部定居点莫斯科、伊万诺沃和雅罗斯拉夫尔地区的手柄和可拆卸尖端进行使用磨损分析的结果。