Objective:A commonly used confrontation naming task used in the United States is The Boston Naming Test (BNT). Performance differences has been found in Caucasian and ethnic minorities on the BNT. The Cordoba Naming Test (CNT) is a 30-item confrontation naming task developed in Argentina. Past research has shown acculturation levels can influence cognitive performance. Furthermore, one study evaluated geriatric gender differences on CNT performance in Spanish. Researchers reported that older male participants outperformed female participants on the CNT. To our knowledge, researchers have not evaluated ethnic differences on the CNT using a geriatric sample. The purpose of the present study was to examined CNT performance and acculturation in a Latinx and Caucasian geriatric sample. It was predicted the Caucasian group would outperform the Latinx group on the CNT. Moreover, the Caucasian group would report higher acculturation levels on the Abbreviated Multidimensional Acculturation Scale (AMAS) compared to the Latinx group.Participants and Methods:The sample consisted of 9 Latinx and 11 Caucasian participants with a mean age of 66.80 (SD =6.10), with an average of 14.30 (SD = 2.00) years of education. All participants were neurologically and psychologically healthy and completed the CNT and the AMAS in English. Acculturation was measured via the AMAS English subscales (i.e., English Language, United States. Identity, United States, Competency). A series of ANCOVAs, controlling for years of education completed and gender, was used to evaluate CNT performance and acculturation.Results:The ethnic groups were not well demographically matched (i.e., years of education and gender).We found that the Caucasian group outperformed the Latinx group on CNT performance p = .012, ηp 2 = .34. Furthermore, the Caucasian group reported higher acculturation levels (i.e., English Language, United States, Identity, United States, Competency) compared to the Latinx group p’s < .05, ηps2 = .42-.64.Conclusions:To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate CNT performance between ethnic groups with a geriatric sample. As expected the Caucasian group outperformed the Latinx group on the CNT. Also, as expected the Caucasian group reported higher English acculturation levels compared to the Latinx group. Our findings are consistent with past studies showing ethnic differences on confrontational naming performance (i.e., The Boston Naming Test), favoring Caucasians. A possible explanation for group differences could have been linguistic factors (e.g., speaking multiple languages) in our Latinx group. Therefore, since our Latinx group reported lower levels of English Language, United States identity, and United States competency the Latinx group assimilation towards United States culture might of influence their CNT performance. Future studies with different ethnic groups (e.g., African-Americans) and a larger sample size should examine if ethnic differences continue to cross-validate in a geriatric sample.

中文翻译：

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22 Cordoba 命名测试在老年人群中的表现和文化适应

目的：美国常用的对抗命名任务是波士顿命名测试（BNT）。白人和少数族裔在 BNT 上的表现存在差异。科尔多瓦命名测试（CNT）是阿根廷开发的一项 30 项对抗命名任务。过去的研究表明文化适应水平会影响认知表现。此外，一项研究评估了西班牙语中 CNT 表现的老年人性别差异。研究人员报告称，老年男性参与者在 CNT 上的表现优于女性参与者。据我们所知，研究人员尚未使用老年人样本评估 CNT 的种族差异。本研究的目的是检查拉丁裔和白种人老年人样本中的 CNT 表现和文化适应。据预测，白人群体在 CNT 上的表现将优于拉丁裔群体。此外，与拉丁裔群体相比，白人群体在简略多维适应量表 (AMAS) 上报告的文化适应水平更高。 参与者和方法：样本由 9 名拉丁裔参与者和 11 名白人参与者组成，平均年龄为 66.80 岁（SD = 6.10） ，平均受教育年限为 14.30 (SD = 2.00)。所有参与者神经和心理健康，并用英语完成了 CNT 和 AMAS。文化适应是通过 AMAS 英语子量表（即英语语言、美国、身份、美国、能力）来衡量的。控制了受教育年限和性别的一系列 ANCOVA 被用来评估 CNT 的表现和文化适应。结果：种族群体在人口统计学上不匹配（即受教育年限和性别）。我们发现白人群体的表现优于其他群体Latinx 组的 CNT 性能 p = .012，ηp 2 = .34。此外，与拉丁裔群体相比，白种人群体报告了更高的文化适应水平（即英语、美国、身份、美国、能力） p's < .05, ηps2= .42-.64。结论：据我们所知，这是第一项以老年人样本评估不同种族群体之间 CNT 表现的研究。正如预期的那样，白人组在 CNT 上的表现优于拉丁裔组。此外，正如预期的那样，与拉丁裔群体相比，白人群体的英语文化适应水平更高。我们的研究结果与过去的研究一致，显示对抗性命名表现（即波士顿命名测试）存在种族差异，有利于白种人。群体差异的一个可能解释可能是我们拉丁裔群体的语言因素（例如，说多种语言）。因此，由于我们的拉丁裔群体的英语语言、美国身份和美国能力水平较低，拉丁裔群体对美国文化的同化可能会影响他们的 CNT 表现。未来对不同种族群体（例如非洲裔美国人）和更大样本量的研究应该检验种族差异是否继续在老年人样本中交叉验证。