Objective:Psychological wellness and strong cognitive skills are both important to successful aging. Although there are well-established relationships between psychiatric illness (e.g., depression, anxiety, PTSD) and cognitive dysfunction, few studies have focused on the relationships between positive psychological factors and neurocognitive function in older adults. Our goal was to explore associations between these two sets of measures in older adults.Participants and Methods:Participants (n=111) were part of a longitudinal study of biopsychosocial functioning in independently living older adult residents of a Continuing Care Senior Housing Community. Participants were administered a cognitive screening test (Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MoCA), a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, and a set of published self-report scales measuring positive emotional and psychological function. Neuropsychological scores were appropriately normed, and composite scores were calculated for the following domains: language (Boston Naming Test, Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System [D-KEFS] Verbal Fluency), attention/working memory (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV [WAIS-IV] Digit Span, DKEFS Visual Scanning), learning and delayed recall (Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised), processing speed (WAIS-IV Coding, D-KEFS Trails Number and Letter Sequencing, D-KEFS Color-Word Interference Test Color and Word Naming), and executive function (D-KEFS Color-Word Inhibition and Inhibition/Switching, DKEFS Letter/Number Switching). Self-Report scales included the Perceived Stress Scale, Center for Epidemiological Studies in Depression Scale, Emotional Support Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Coping Humor and Self-Efficacy Scales, Personal Mastery Scale, Meaning in Life Scale, Self-Rated Successful Aging, Satisfaction with Life, Cognitive Failures Questionnaire, and Lifetime Orientation Test-Revised. Due to the large number of psychological functioning measures, dimension reduction was undertaken via principal component analysis, resulting in a two-factor solution. Bivariate Pearson correlations were then computed between the two factor scores and each neurocognitive variable.Results:Factor 1 consisted of variables reflecting Positive Subjective Functioning. A higher score on Factor 1 (indicating higher self-rating of successful aging, fewer perceived cognitive failures, fewer reported depressive symptoms, less perceived stress/anxiety, more perceived emotional support, more satisfaction with life, more meaningfulness in life, and more search for meaning in life) was associated with better attention/working memory (r=0.226, p=0.049) and executive function (r=0.242, p=0.035). Factor 2 consisted of variables that reflected Positive Coping Skills. A higher score on Factor 2 (indicating more happiness, higher optimism, greater resilience, higher sense of personal mastery, more use of humor as a coping strategy, and greater coping self-efficacy) was associated with better performance on tests of language (r=0.325, p=0.004), learning (r=0.313, p=0.006) and delayed recall (r=0.241, p=0.035) of visual and verbal information, and better MoCA performance (r=0.440, p<0.001). Neither factor was associated with processing speed.Conclusions:Higher levels of subjective functioning and positive outlook/coping skills were associated with better neuropsychological performance. Given that late life is a time of risk for cognitive decline, future research should consider the influence of positive psychological functioning on neurocognitive outcomes and vice versa, as these relationships may have neurobiological and therapeutic implications for overall function in later life.

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24 积极心理因素与老年人神经认知功能之间的关联

目的：心理健康和强大的认知能力对于成功老龄化都很重要。尽管精神疾病（例如抑郁、焦虑、创伤后应激障碍）与认知功能障碍之间存在明确的关系，但很少有研究关注老年人积极心理因素与神经认知功能之间的关系。我们的目标是探索老年人中这两组测量值之间的关联。 参与者和方法：参与者 (n=111) 参与了一项针对持续护理高级住房社区中独立生活的老年人居民的生物心理社会功能的纵向研究。参与者接受了认知筛查测试（蒙特利尔认知评估；MoCA）、全面的神经心理学电池以及一套已发布的测量积极情绪和心理功能的自我报告量表。神经心理学评分经过适当规范，并计算了以下领域的综合评分：语言（波士顿命名测试、Delis-Kaplan 执行功能系统 [D-KEFS] 言语流利度）、注意力/工作记忆（韦克斯勒成人智力量表-IV [WAIS] -IV] 数字跨度、DKEFS 视觉扫描）、学习和延迟回忆（简要视觉空间记忆测试修订版、霍普金斯言语学习测试修订版）、处理速度（WAIS-IV 编码、D-KEFS 轨迹数字和字母排序、D- KEFS 色词干扰测试（颜色和词命名），以及执行功能（D-KEFS 色词抑制和抑制/切换、DKEFS 字母/数字切换）。自我报告量表包括感知压力量表、抑郁症流行病学研究中心量表、情感支持量表、康纳-戴维森弹性量表、应对幽默和自我效能量表、个人掌控量表、生命意义量表、成功老龄化自评量表、生活满意度、认知障碍问卷和终生定向测试修订版。由于心理功能指标较多，通过主成分分析进行降维，得到双因素解。然后计算两个因素得分和每个神经认知变量之间的双变量 Pearson 相关性。结果：因素 1 由反映积极主观功能的变量组成。因素 1 得分较高（表明成功老龄化的自我评价较高、感知到的认知失败较少、报告的抑郁症状较少、感知到的压力/焦虑较少、感知到的情感支持较多、对生活更满意、生活更有意义以及更多的搜索）生活意义）与更好的注意力/工作记忆（r=0.226，p=0.049）和执行功能（r=0.242，p=0.035）相关。因素 2 由反映积极应对技能的变量组成。因素 2 得分较高（表示更幸福、更乐观、更有韧性、更高的个人掌控感、更多地使用幽默作为应对策略，和更高的应对自我效能）与语言测试（r=0.325，p=0.004）、学习（r=0.313，p=0.006）和视觉延迟回忆（r=0.241，p=0.035）测试中的更好表现相关。和口头信息，以及更好的 MoCA 表现（r=0.440，p<0.001）。这两个因素都与处理速度无关。结论：较高水平的主观功能和积极的看法/应对技巧与更好的神经心理学表现相关。鉴于晚年是认知能力下降的风险时期，未来的研究应该考虑积极的心理功能对神经认知结果的影响，反之亦然，因为这些关系可能对晚年的整体功能具有神经生物学和治疗意义。