Changes in the genome of an organism can cause changes in phenotype. Its phenotype can then determine how well-suited the organism is to its environment. The hologenome concept expands this view by suggesting instead, that it is not only the host genome at play in natural selection, but also the genome of endosymbiotic microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, and fungi) associated with their hosts. The concept is an area of growing interest. It directs the study of biology from an individual-centric approach to one that is more community-centric. This approach opens more opportunities to carefully examine host-community interactions and strategies to ensure a balance between counterparts. However, more intriguing is the potential that the hologenome concept may provide a glimpse into the biological mechanisms of speciation. This paper is a literature review presenting cases in endosymbiont interactions that affect reproductive competence of host and hence, may be an important mechanism of speciation.

中文翻译：

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内共生体辅助生殖分离和物种形成的综述

生物体基因组的变化会导致表型的变化。它的表型可以决定生物体对其环境的适应程度。全基因组概念扩展了这一观点，认为它不仅是在自然选择中发挥作用的宿主基因组，而且还包括与其宿主相关的内共生微生物（病毒、细菌和真菌）的基因组。这个概念是一个越来越受关注的领域。它将生物学研究从以个人为中心的方法转向以社区为中心的方法。这种方法为仔细检查东道主社区的互动和策略提供了更多机会，以确保同行之间的平衡。然而，更有趣的是全基因组概念可能提供对物种形成的生物学机制的一瞥。本文是一篇文献综述，介绍了影响宿主生殖能力的内共生体相互作用的案例，因此可能是物种形成的重要机制。