Background

Gastric cancer incidence is higher in men, and a protective hormone-related effect in women is postulated. We aimed to investigate and quantify the relationship in the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project consortium.

Methods

A total of 2,084 cases and 7,102 controls from 11 studies in seven countries were included. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) assessing associations of key reproductive factors and menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) with gastric cancer were estimated by pooling study-specific ORs using random-effects meta-analysis.

Results

A duration of fertility of ≥ 40 years (vs. < 20), was associated with a 25% lower risk of gastric cancer (OR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.58–0.96). Compared with never use, ever, 5–9 years and ≥ 10 years use of MHT in postmenopausal women, showed ORs of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.58–0.92), 0.53 (95% CI: 0.34–0.84) and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.50–1.00), respectively. The associations were generally similar for anatomical and histologic subtypes.

Conclusion

Our results support the hypothesis that reproductive factors and MHT use may lower the risk of gastric cancer in women, regardless of anatomical or histologic subtypes. Given the variation in hormones over the lifespan, studies should address their effects in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Furthermore, mechanistic studies may inform potential biological processes.

中文翻译：

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胃癌汇集 (StoP) 项目中的生殖因素、激素干预和胃癌风险

背景

男性胃癌发病率较高，并且推测女性具有与激素相关的保护作用。我们的目的是调查和量化胃癌汇集 (StoP) 项目联盟中的关系。

方法

共纳入来自 7 个国家 11 项研究的 2,084 例病例和 7,102 例对照。通过使用随机效应荟萃分析汇总研究特定的 OR，评估关键生殖因素和绝经激素治疗 (MHT) 与胃癌关联的总结比值比 (OR) 和 95% 置信区间 (CI)。

结果

生育时间≥ 40 年（vs. < 20）与胃癌风险降低 25% 相关（OR = 0.75；95% CI：0.58–0.96）。与从未使用过、使用过 5-9 年和 10 年以上 MHT 的绝经后妇女相比，OR 分别为 0.73 (95% CI: 0.58-0.92)、0.53 (95% CI: 0.34-0.84) 和 0.71 (95 % CI：0.50-1.00），分别。解剖学和组织学亚型的关联通常相似。

结论

我们的结果支持这样的假设：无论解剖学或组织学亚型如何，生殖因素和 MHT 的使用可能会降低女性患胃癌的风险。鉴于激素在整个生命周期中的变化，研究应该解决它们对绝经前和绝经后女性的影响。此外，机制研究可以为潜在的生物过程提供信息。