Labour shortages and costly operator training are driving the need for digital on-board robotic crane operator support in forestry and construction. This simulator study investigated the effects of sonification (auditory, pitch/loudness) and continuous visual (brightness/size) feedback on aiming movements with a robotic crane for low and high performers. The feedback was designed non-linear and linear. Thirty-six participants controlled a robotic crane bimanually using joysticks across 320 movements. Performance and skill indicators (movement time, accuracy, trajectory, smoothness) as well as satisfaction, and usefulness were assessed. Low-performing participants showed higher movement accuracy, particularly with non-linear pitch feedback compared to visual feedback. High performers exhibited no significant performance improvement in movement time, accuracy, or smoothness. There was no effect of linear or non-linear mapping of the feedback. Additionally, perceived satisfaction was lower with auditory than visual feedback. These results suggest that real-time auditory feedback can enhance operator accuracy whereas acceptance remains challenging.

劳动力短缺和昂贵的操作员培训正在推动林业和建筑业对数字机载机器人起重机操作员支持的需求。该模拟器研究调查了声化（听觉、音高/响度）和连续视觉（亮度/尺寸）反馈对机器人起重机针对低绩效和高绩效者的瞄准运动的影响。反馈被设计为非线性和线性。36 名参与者使用操纵杆双手控制机器人起重机，完成 320 个动作。评估表现和技能指标（移动时间、准确性、轨迹、平滑度）以及满意度和有用性。表现不佳的参与者表现出更高的运动准确性，特别是与视觉反馈相比，非线性音调反馈。高绩效者在运动时间、准确性或平滑度方面没有表现出显着的性能改善。反馈的线性或非线性映射没有影响。此外，听觉反馈的感知满意度低于视觉反馈。这些结果表明，实时听觉反馈可以提高操作员的准确性，但接受度仍然具有挑战性。