Research suggests that a dimensional three-factor model of agentic extraversion, narcissistic neuroticism, and self-centered antagonism is the most parsimonious model for describing the personality characteristics of narcissism. Currently, however, pathological narcissism is still often defined utilizing a single-factor model based on the diagnostic criteria for narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), leading to mixed results in understanding the link between narcissism and negative thinking styles. Thus, the current study sought to compare the three-factor and one-factor models in predicting specific forms of maladaptive thinking styles within a college student sample (n = 362) utilizing path analysis. The results provided evidence for specific trait domains of narcissism being linked to specific forms of repetitive negative thoughts, with narcissistic neuroticism being the most consistent and strongly associated trait domain with anger rumination, general rumination, worry, and catastrophizing. Self-centered antagonism was strongly associated with anger rumination and catastrophizing and appears to be a protective factor against worry. Thus, this study provided evidence that a dimensional 3-factor model of narcissism provides a better, more nuanced understanding of how narcissism and NPD are related to cognitive dysfunction. Future research is needed to compare other models of narcissism and to better understand the transdiagnostic nature of the different forms of repetitive negative thoughts. Identifying negative thoughts and how they occur within certain personality pathology may inform better clinical practices for impaired thinking styles.

研究表明，代理外向性、自恋性神经质和自我中心对抗的维度三因素模型是描述自恋人格特征的最简洁的模型。然而，目前，病理性自恋仍然经常使用基于自恋型人格障碍（NPD）诊断标准的单因素模型来定义，导致在理解自恋和消极思维方式之间的联系时出现不同的结果。因此，本研究试图利用路径分析来比较三因素和一因素模型，以预测大学生样本（n  = 362）中适应不良思维方式的特定形式。研究结果提供了证据，证明自恋的特定特征领域与特定形式的重复性消极想法有关，其中自恋神经质是与愤怒沉思、一般沉思、担忧和灾难化最一致且密切相关的特征领域。以自我为中心的对抗与愤怒、沉思和灾难化密切相关，并且似乎是对抗忧虑的保护因素。因此，这项研究提供的证据表明，自恋的三维三因素模型可以更好、更细致地理解自恋和 NPD 如何与认知功能障碍相关。未来的研究需要比较其他自恋模型，并更好地理解不同形式的重复消极想法的跨诊断本质。识别消极想法以及它们在某些人格病理中如何发生可能会为受损思维方式提供更好的临床实践。