Abstract

The millimeter wave spectrum fulfills the demand for higher data rates with low latency. Moreover, futuristic wearable gadgets demand flexible antennas operating at these frequencies, such that they can easily be accommodated. Therefore, the article focuses on designing a compact and highly flexible antenna with the aid of characteristic mode analysis (CMA). A thin polyimide substrate of 0.1 mm thickness is used to maintain flexibility. The overall antenna profile is \(0.61{\lambda }_{0} \times 0.61{\lambda }_{0}\) . The design evolves through four stages, where, in each stage, the solution to the surface current through eigenvalue leads to significant modes. The final stage design generated Mode 2 fundamental mode at 30.5 GHz along with contributing Modes 3 and 5 with a bandwidth range of 28-31.5 GHz. Further, the design is simulated using electromagnetic simulation software, and the prototype is fabricated. The simulated and measured reflection coefficient |S11| > 10 dB in 28.72-32 GHz and 28.9-31.75 GHz. The CMA analyzed, simulated, and measured gain is 4.82 and 5.6 dBi, respectively. The proposed antenna has a stable response for conformal orientations along the x and y-axis. The antenna has resulted in bidirectional radiation in the XZ plane with simulated and measured half-power-beam-width (HPBW) of 58° and 54°. In the YZ plane, it resulted in omnidirectional radiation. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement. The article also performs the link budget analysis. It suggested that the antenna can communicate 100 Mbps of data to a distance of 100 m and 1 Gbps of data up to 70 m. Thus, the proposed antenna structure is suitable for wearable, IoT, and other 5G wireless applications.

中文翻译：

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基于特征模式分析的毫米波无线应用高柔性天线

摘要

毫米波频谱满足了更高数据速率和低延迟的需求。此外，未来的可穿戴设备需要在这些频率下工作的灵活天线，以便可以轻松容纳。因此，本文重点讨论借助特征模式分析（CMA）设计紧凑且高度灵活的天线。使用厚度为 0.1 毫米的薄聚酰亚胺基板来保持灵活性。整体天线轮廓为\(0.61{\lambda }_{0} \times 0.61{\lambda }_{0}\)。该设计经历了四个阶段，在每个阶段中，通过特征值求解表面电流都会产生重要的模式。最终阶段的设计生成了 30.5 GHz 的模式 2 基模以及带宽范围为 28-31.5 GHz 的模式 3 和 5。进一步，利用电磁仿真软件对设计进行仿真，并制作出样机。模拟和测量的反射系数|S11| 在 28.72-32 GHz 和 28.9-31.75 GHz 下 > 10 dB。CMA 分析、模拟和测量的增益分别为 4.82 和 5.6 dBi。所提出的天线对沿 x 轴和 y 轴的共形方向具有稳定的响应。该天线在 XZ 平面上产生双向辐射，仿真和测量的半功率波束宽度 (HPBW) 分别为 58° 和 54°。在YZ平面上，产生全向辐射。模拟结果和测量结果非常吻合。本文还进行了链路预算分析。它表明该天线可以在 100 m 的距离内传输 100 Mbps 的数据，在 70 m 的距离内传输 1 Gbps 的数据。因此，所提出的天线结构适用于可穿戴、物联网和其他 5G 无线应用。