We consider variations of the azimuthal magnetic fields of the Sun in the 23 – 25 activity cycles according to observations with SDO/HMI, SOHO/MDI, and Kislovodsk/STOP telescopes. To identify azimuthal magnetic fields, the daily observations of LOS magnetic fields from the regions near the solar limb were analyzed. It is shown that with a sufficiently large averaging of the data, large-scale structures are distinguished, which can be interpreted by horizontal magnetic fields along the east – west direction. Azimuthal magnetic fields are visible at both low and high latitudes. Azimuthal fields at the same latitudes have opposite directions in the northern and southern hemispheres and also change sign in even and odd cycles of activity.

The mechanism of formation of global azimuthal magnetic fields and their role in the cycle of solar activity is discussed. The near-surface azimuthal magnetic field is closely related to the activity cycle. Apparently, the azimuthal field is formed from U-shaped flux tubes of active regions (AR). Due to the presence of the tilt angle AR during differential rotation, the subsurface magnetic fields are pulled in the azimuthal direction. The role of azimuthal magnetic fields in solar activity cycles is considered. A scheme for the generation of a magnetic field different from Babcock – Leighton dynamo models is proposed.

我们根据 SDO/HMI、SOHO/MDI 和基斯洛沃茨克/STOP 望远镜的观测，考虑了 23 – 25 个活动周期中太阳方位角磁场的变化。为了识别方位角磁场，分析了太阳边缘附近区域的视距磁场的日常观测结果。结果表明，通过足够大的数据平均，可以区分大尺度结构，这可以通过沿东西方向的水平磁场来解释。方位角磁场在低纬度和高纬度地区都可见。同一纬度的方位角场在北半球和南半球具有相反的方向，并且在偶数和奇数活动周期中也改变符号。

讨论了全球方位磁场的形成机制及其在太阳活动周期中的作用。近地表方位磁场与活动周期密切相关。显然，方位角场是由有源区（AR）的U形​​通量管形成的。由于差动旋转期间存在倾斜角AR，地下磁场被沿方位角方向拉动。考虑了太阳活动周期中方位磁场的作用。提出了一种不同于巴布科克-莱顿发电机模型的磁场产生方案。