Prescriptive stereotypes based on, respectively, agency and communality reflect how people expect men and women to behave. Deviating from such prescriptions limits opportunities for men and women in ways that reinforce traditional gender roles. In the current work, we examine whether people have expectations of gendered facial features based on agentic and communal descriptions of targets and if these expectations extend to who people think is best suited for workplace tasks. Across five experiments, people expected more facial masculinity for targets paired with agentic relative to communal traits (Experiments 1, 2a-b) and workplace behaviors (Experiments 3a-b). This expectation effect emerged when gendered facial features (e.g., more masculinized and feminized versions of face identities) were manipulated across (Experiment 1) and within (Experiments 2a-b, 3a-b) gender, regardless of whether traits were explicitly stated (Experiments 1, 2a-b, 3a) or inferred (Experiment 3b), and regardless of trait valence. When people made decisions about two same-gender faces, the gender of those faces accentuated trait effects. More masculine male (relative to female) faces were consistently expected more for agentic traits and workplace tasks, but consistently expected less for communal traits and workplace tasks (Experiments 2a, 3a-b). We then conceptually replicated expectation effects by showing that mental representations of agentic and communal faces appear correspondingly gendered (Experiment 4). Finally, we provide exploratory analyses showing that expectation effects may differentially vary by perceiver gender across contexts. These findings illustrate a non-verbal route by which people make decisions based on gender stereotypes that have wide-ranging implications for workplace behavior.

分别基于代理性和社区性的规定性刻板印象反映了人们期望男性和女性的行为方式。偏离这些规定会限制男性和女性的机会，从而强化传统的性别角色。在当前的工作中，我们研究人们是否根据目标的代理和公共描述对性别面部特征有期望，以及这些期望是否延伸到人们认为最适合工作场所任务的人。在五项实验中，人们期望目标具有更多的面部男性气质，同时具有相对于公共特征（实验 1、2a-b）和工作场所行为（实验 3a-b）的代理性。当性别面部特征（例如，面部身份的男性化和女性化版本）在性别之间（实验1）和性别内部（实验2a-b，3a-b）进行操纵时，无论是否明确说明了特征（实验1），都会出现这种期望效应。 1、2a-b、3a）或推断（实验 3b），且与性状效价无关。当人们对两张同性面孔做出决定时，这些面孔的性别会加剧特质效应。对于更多男性（相对于女性）面孔，人们对代理特征和工作场所任务的期望始终更高，但对公共特征和工作场所任务的期望始终较低（实验 2a、3a-b）。然后，我们通过证明代理和公共面孔的心理表征出现相应的性别，从概念上复制了期望效应（实验 4）。最后，我们提供的探索性分析表明，预期效果可能会因不同背景下的感知者性别而有所不同。这些发现说明了人们根据性别刻板印象做出决定的非语言途径，这对工作场所行为具有广泛的影响。