Abstract—

The soil mycobiota of the Apatity city was first characterized. Significant differences in the quantitative and qualitative parameters of urban soil microfungal complexes in the Arctic zone in comparison with zonal soils were revealed. It was shown that the fungal biomass in the soil of the recreational zones of Someriumbric Leptic Entic Podzol (Arenic) was 0.18–0.20 mg/g; in the background forest soil Leptic Albic Podzol (Arenic, Folic), 0.31 mg/g. The lowest values (0.04–0.08 mg/g) was typical of zones with no vegetation and a densely compacted surface (playground – Leptic Entic Podzol (Arenic, Technic), unpaved pedestrian walkway – Someriubric Leptic Albic Podzol (Arenic). In the recreational and forest zones, soil fungi were mainly in the mycelium form (66–70% of the total biomass), while in the residential and agricultural zones soils in the form of spores. Spores were mainly represented by small forms up to 3 µm. The number of large spores was insignificant, but they were mainly detected in the soil of the residential zone. The number of ITS rRNA gene copies of fungi in soils of different functional zones varied from 4.0 × 10⁹ to 1.14 × 10¹⁰ copies/g of soil, with the highest values in the natural forest Podzol and Podzol of the unpaved pedestrian walkway. The number of microfungi CFU in topsoil ranged from 1 × 10³ to 9 × 10⁴ CFU/g of soil, reaching maximum values in the Someriumbric Leptic Entic Podzol (Arenic, Technic) soil of the recreational zone. The features of the cultivable microfungi distribution on the soil profile in different functional zones were revealed: in the residential zone Podzol, the maximum accumulation of fungi was noted in the subsoil, while in the recreational, agricultural and forest zones, their maximum number was noted in the topsoil. However, the first two differed from the background one in the absence of a second maximum accumulation of microfungi in the subsoil illuvial spodic horizon (Bs). In general, urban soils were characterized by a low species diversity of saccharolytic microfungi and a specific structure significantly different from the background soils. The genus Penicillium was characterized by maximum species diversity. Trichocladium griseum and Penicillium dierckxii dominated in the microfungi communities in the residential zone soil; P. melinii - in the recreational zone and in playground soils; microfungi of the genus Fusarium - in the agricultural zone soil Umbric Entic Podzol (Arenic); and P. decumbens - in the background forest soil.

中文翻译：

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阿帕提市（摩尔曼斯克州）土壤菌群

摘要-

首先对阿帕提市的土壤真菌群进行了表征。与地带性土壤相比，北极地区城市土壤微真菌复合体的定量和定性参数存在显着差异。结果表明，Arenic 休闲区土壤中真菌生物量为 0.18-0.20 mg/g；背景森林土壤中 Leptic Albic Podzol（Arenic、Folic），0.31 mg/g。最低值 (0.04–0.08 mg/g) 是没有植被且表面致密的区域的典型值（游乐场 – Leptic Entic Podzol（Arenic、Technic）、未铺砌的人行道 – Someriubric Leptic Albic Podzol (Arenic)。在森林区和森林区，土壤真菌主要以菌丝体形式存在（占总生物量的66%~70%），而在居民区和农业区土壤则以孢子形式存在，孢子主要为小至3微米的形式。大孢子数量较少，但主要在居住区土壤中检出，不同功能区土壤中真菌ITS rRNA基因拷贝数为4.0×10 9 ~ ^1.14 ×10 ¹⁰拷贝/g。土壤中，天然林灰化土和未铺砌人行道的灰化土中的值最高，表土中微真菌 CFU 数量范围为 1 × 10 ³至 9 × 10 ⁴ CFU/g 土壤，在 Someriumbric Leptic 中达到最大值休闲区的 Entic Podzol（Arenic、Technic）土壤。揭示了不同功能区土壤剖面上可培养微真菌的分布特征：在居住区Podzol，下土中真菌积累量最大，而在游憩、农业和森林区，其数量最多在表土中。然而，前两个与背景的不同之处在于，在底土沉积层（Bs）中没有出现微真菌的第二个最大积累。一般来说，城市土壤的特点是解糖微真菌物种多样性低，且特定结构与背景土壤显着不同。青霉菌属的特点是物种多样性最多。居住区土壤微真菌群落中，灰色毛棒菌（Trichocladium griseum）和青霉菌（Penicillium dierckxii）占优势；P. melinii - 在休闲区和游乐场土壤中；镰刀菌属的微真菌- 农业区土壤 Umbric Entic Podzol (Arenic)；和P. decumbens - 在背景森林土壤中。