Concrete, a widely used building material, often suffers from cracks that lead to corrosion and degradation. A promising solution to enhance its durability is the use of fungi as self-healing agents, specifically by harnessing their ability to promote calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) precipitation on their cell walls. However, the ideal conditions for CaCO₃ precipitation by the filamentous fungal species Trichoderma reesei are still unclear. In this study, the biomineralization properties of T. reesei in liquid media are investigated. Two different calcium sources, calcium chloride (CaCl₂) and calcium lactate are tested, at varying concentrations and in the presence of different nutritional sources that support growth of T. reesei. This study also explores the effects on fungal growth upon adding cement to the medium. Calcium lactate promotes greater fungal biomass production, although less crystals are formed as compared to samples with CaCl₂. An increasing calcium concentration positively influences fungal growth and precipitation, but this effect is hindered upon the addition of cement. The highest amounts of biomass and calcium carbonate precipitation are achieved with potato dextrose broth as a nutritional source. By identifying the optimal conditions for CaCO₃ precipitation by T. reesei, this study highlights its potential as a self-healing agent in concrete.

中文翻译：

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从开发真菌介导的自修复混凝土的角度探讨里氏木霉生物矿化CaCO3的条件

混凝土是一种广泛使用的建筑材料，经常出现裂缝，导致腐蚀和降解。提高其耐久性的一个有前景的解决方案是使用真菌作为自我修复剂，特别是利用它们促进碳酸钙 (CaCO ₃ ) 在细胞壁上沉淀的能力。然而，丝状真菌里氏木霉沉淀CaCO ₃的理想条件仍不清楚。在本研究中，研究了里氏木霉在液体介质中的生物矿化特性。测试了两种不同的钙源：氯化钙 (CaCl ₂ ) 和乳酸钙，它们以不同的浓度存在，并且存在支持里氏木霉生长的不同营养源。这项研究还探讨了在培养基中添加水泥对真菌生长的影响。_{与含有CaCl 2}的样品相比，尽管形成的晶体较少，但乳酸钙促进了更大的真菌生物质产量。钙浓度的增加对真菌生长和沉淀产生积极影响，但这种效果会因水泥的添加而受到阻碍。以马铃薯葡萄糖肉汤作为营养源可实现最高量的生物质和碳酸钙沉淀。通过确定里氏木霉沉淀CaCO ₃的最佳条件，本研究强调了其作为混凝土自修复剂的潜力。