As in other soybean-producing regions in the United States, planting date and maturity group (MG) are two of the most important factors, along with variety selection and timely harvest, that can set the stage to optimize soybean yield potential in Louisiana. Limited data are available on the effect of these factors along with harvest timing on soybean seed quality. Field studies evaluated the influence of planting date, MG, and harvest timing on soybean yield and seed quality at the Louisiana State University AgCenter Northeast, Macon Ridge, and Dean Lee Research Stations in 2018–2020. Soybean yield was optimized when MG 4 and 5 soybean varieties were planted between mid-April and mid-May. Earlier and later planting dates did not result in maximum yield. Planting date effects on seed quality, however, were negligible. Greatest soybean quality was obtained when planting relative maturities (RM) 5.4–6.0 soybean; however, as indicated in the planting date study, yield was not maximized. Planting RM 3.0–4.4 soybean varieties in Louisiana resulted in lower seed quality. Soybean varieties within RM 4.5–5.3 resulted in acceptable seed quality and maximum yield in Louisiana, assuming plants are harvested at the optimum harvest timing (when seed reaches 13% moisture) and not delayed 14–28 days.

中文翻译：

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种植日期、成熟组和收获时期对大豆产量和种子品质的影响

与美国其他大豆产区一样，种植日期和成熟组 (MG) 是两个最重要的因素，再加上品种选择和及时收获，可以为优化路易斯安那州的大豆产量潜力奠定基础。关于这些因素以及收获时间对大豆种子质量的影响的数据有限。实地研究评估了 2018-2020 年路易斯安那州立大学东北农业中心、梅肯里奇和 Dean Lee 研究站的种植日期、MG 和收获时间对大豆产量和种子质量的影响。当 MG 4 和 5 大豆品种在 4 月中旬至 5 月中旬之间种植时，大豆产量得到了优化。较早和较晚的种植日期并没有带来最大的产量。然而，播种日期对种子质量的影响可以忽略不计。种植相对成熟度 (RM) 5.4–6.0 的大豆时，大豆品质最佳；然而，正如种植日期研究所示，产量并未最大化。在路易斯安那州种植 RM 3.0–4.4 大豆品种导致种子质量较低。在路易斯安那州，RM 4.5-5.3 范围内的大豆品种可实现可接受的种子质量和最大产量，前提是植物在最佳收获时间（当种子达到 13% 水分时）收获，并且不延迟 14-28 天。