The notion of forms of life points to a crucial aspect of Wittgenstein’s philosophical approach that challenges an influential line in the philosophical tradition. He portrays intellectual activities in terms of a cohesion of things held together in linguistic scenes rooted in the lives of people and the facts of the world. The original inspiration with which Wittgenstein worked on this approach is still relevant today in the recent technological turn associated with AI. He attacked a conception that treated human activities as material to be examined by external models of rationality. Along with other modernists such as Musil, he saw the danger of losing faith in human intellectual and moral capacities. In contrast, Wittgenstein elucidates and substantively defends an idea of forms of life in which the great normative enterprises, from science to the works of the imagination, are based on our individual capacity to take the next step from a normative authority that rests entirely with us, as agents who can claim it in the name of others, in the name of arithmetic, in the name of our native language, in the name of justice, and so on. Forms of life are the place to look to claim this authority over the mistrust we feel compelled to cultivate in our human endeavors.

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维特根斯坦与生命形式：星座与机制

生命形式的概念指出了维特根斯坦哲学方法的一个重要方面，它挑战了哲学传统中一条有影响力的路线。他用植根于人们生活和世界事实的语言场景中的事物的凝聚力来描绘智力活动。维特根斯坦研究这种方法的最初灵感在今天与人工智能相关的最新技术变革中仍然具有现实意义。他攻击了一种将人类活动视为由外部理性模型检验的材料的观念。与穆齐尔等其他现代主义者一样，他看到了对人类智力和道德能力失去信心的危险。相比之下，维特根斯坦阐明并实质上捍卫了一种生活方式的观念，其中伟大的规范事业，从科学到想象力的作品，都基于我们个人从完全属于我们的规范权威中迈出下一步的能力。 ，作为代理人，可以以他人的名义，以算术的名义，以我们母语的名义，以正义的名义等等。生命形式是我们在人类努力中被迫培养的不信任中寻找权威的地方。