In vertebrate vision, photons are detected by highly specialized sensory cilia called outer segments. Photoreceptor outer segments form by remodeling the membrane of a primary cilium into a stack of flattened disks. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is critical to the formation of most types of eukaryotic cilia including the outer segments. This review covers the state of knowledge of the role of IFT in the formation and maintenance of outer segments and the human diseases that result from mutations in genes encoding the IFT complex and associated motors.

中文翻译：

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鞭毛内运输：光感受器发育和视网膜退行性疾病发病机制的关键参与者

在脊椎动物的视觉中，光子是由高度专业化的感觉纤毛（称为外节）检测到的。光感受器外节是通过将初级纤毛的膜重塑成一堆扁平圆盘而形成的。鞭毛内运输（IFT）对于大多数类型的真核纤毛（包括外节）的形成至关重要。这篇综述涵盖了 IFT 在外节形成和维持中的作用以及由编码 IFT 复合体和相关运动的基因突变引起的人类疾病的知识状况。