Nesfatin-1 is an anorexigenic peptide suppressing food intake and is synthesized and secreted by neurons located in the hypothalamus. Our study was aimed to demonstrate the effect of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters on NUCB2/nesfatin-1 neurons. In this context, dual peroxidase immunohistochemistry staining was performed using NUCB2/nesfatin-1 primary antibody with each of the primary antibodies of vesicular transporter proteins applied as markers for neurons using glutamate, acetylcholine, and GABA as neurotransmitters. In double labeling applied on floating sections, the NUCB2/nesfatin-1 reaction was determined in brown color with diaminobenzidine, while vesicular carrier proteins were marked in black. Slides were analyzed to determine the ratio of nesfatin-1 neurons in the three hypothalamic nucleus in contact with a relevant vesicular carrier protein. The ratios of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 neurons with the innervation were compared among neurotransmitters. In addition, possible gender differences between males and females were examined. The difference in the number of VGLUT2-contacting NUCB2/nesfatin-1 neurons was significantly higher in males when compared to females. When both genders were compared in different nuclei, it was seen that there was no statistical significance in terms of the percentage of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 neuron apposition with VGLUT3. The statistical evaluation showed that number of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 neurons receiving GABAergic innervation is higher in males when compared to females (*p ≤ 0.05; p = 0.045). When the axonal contact of vesicular neurotransmitter transporter proteins was compared between the neurotransmitters, it was determined that the most prominent innervation is GABAergic. In the supraoptic region, no contacts of VAChT-containing axons were found on NUCB2/nesfatin-1 neurons in both female and male subjects. In conclusion, it is understood that both excitatory and inhibitory neurons can innervate the NUCB2/nesfatin-1 neurons and the glutamatergic system is effective in the excitatory innervation while the GABAergic system plays a role in the inhibitory mechanism.

Nesfatin-1 是一种抑制食物摄入的致食欲肽，由位于下丘脑的神经元合成和分泌。我们的研究旨在证明兴奋性和抑制性神经递质对 NUCB2/nesfatin-1 神经元的影响。在这种情况下，使用 NUCB2/nesfatin-1 一抗进行双过氧化物酶免疫组织化学染色，其中囊泡转运蛋白的每种一抗用作神经元的标记物，使用谷氨酸、乙酰胆碱和 GABA 作为神经递质。在浮动切片上应用的双标记中，NUCB2/nesfatin-1 反应用二氨基联苯胺确定为棕色，而囊泡载体蛋白标记为黑色。分析载玻片以确定三个下丘脑核中与相关囊泡载体蛋白接触的nesfatin-1神经元的比率。比较不同神经递质中NUCB2/nesfatin-1神经元的神经支配比例。此外，还检查了男性和女性之间可能存在的性别差异。与女性相比，男性中接触 VGLUT2 的 NUCB2/nesfatin-1 神经元数量差异显着更高。当在不同细胞核中比较两种性别时，可以看出NUCB2/nesfatin-1神经元与VGLUT3并置的百分比没有统计学意义。统计评估显示，与女性相比，男性接受 GABA 能神经支配的 NUCB2/nesfatin-1 神经元数量较多 (* p  ≤ 0.05；p  = 0.045)。当比较神经递质之间的囊泡神经递质转运蛋白的轴突接触时，确定最突出的神经支配是 GABA 能。在女性和男性受试者的视上区，NUCB2/nesfatin-1 神经元上均未发现含有 VAChT 的轴突接触。总之，据了解，兴奋性和抑制性神经元均可神经支配NUCB2/nesfatin-1神经元，并且谷氨酸能系统在兴奋性神经支配中有效，而GABA能系统在抑制机制中发挥作用。