The influence of a protein corona on the uptake of nanoparticles in cells has been demonstrated in various publications over the last years. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), can be seen as natural nanoparticles. However, EVs are produced under different cell culture conditions and little is known about the protein corona forming on EVs and its influence on their uptake by target cells. Here, we use a proteomic approach in order to analyze the protein composition of the EVs themselves and the protein composition of a human blood plasma protein corona around EVs. Moreover, we analyze the influence of the protein corona on EV uptake into human monocytes and compare it with the influence on the uptake of engineered liposomes. We show that the presence of a protein corona increases the uptake of EVs in human monocytes. While for liposomes this seems to be triggered by the presence of immunoglobulins in the protein corona, for EVs blocking the Fc receptors on monocytes did not show an influence of uptake. Therefore, other mechanisms of docking to the cell membrane and uptake are most like involved, demonstrating a clear difference between EVs and liposomes as technically produced nanocarriers.

中文翻译：

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蛋白冠增强了免疫细胞对细胞外囊泡的摄取

过去几年的各种出版物已经证明了蛋白质电晕对细胞中纳米颗粒摄取的影响。细胞外囊泡（EV）可以被视为天然纳米颗粒。然而，EV 是在不同的细胞培养条件下产生的，并且人们对 EV 上形成的蛋白冠及其对靶细胞摄取的影响知之甚少。在这里，我们使用蛋白质组学方法来分析 EV 本身的蛋白质组成以及 EV 周围的人血浆蛋白冠的蛋白质组成。此外，我们分析了蛋白冠对人类单核细胞摄取 EV 的影响，并将其与工程脂质体摄取的影响进行比较。我们发现蛋白冠的存在会增加人类单核细胞对 EV 的摄取。对于脂质体来说，这似乎是由蛋白冠中免疫球蛋白的存在引发的，而对于阻断单核细胞上 Fc 受体的 EV 来说，并没有显示出吸收的影响。因此，最有可能涉及与细胞膜对接和摄取的其他机制，这证明了 EV 和脂质体作为技术生产的纳米载体之间的明显区别。