Objective

Sleep disorders such as insomnia, apnea, and restless leg syndrome can negatively affect a person’s overall health and may cause hypertension, heart failure, and coronary heart disease. Likewise, periodontitis, a gum disease, can lead to both physical and psychological health issues, exerting a considerable effect on one's overall well-being—periodontitis stands as a primary cause of tooth loss. Nevertheless, there has been insufficient research on the correlation between the amount of sleep individuals get and the occurrence of periodontitis/tooth loss among Americans. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the influence of sleep length on periodontitis in the American population.

Methods

Periodontitis severity was classified (none, mild, moderate, and severe) using American Periodontal Association criteria. Sleep duration was assessed by self-reported data and categorized into three groups (deficient, adequate, and excessive). Tooth loss was assessed by the oral examination. To establish a connection between the duration of sleep and periodontitis/tooth loss, a weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed. A GAM analysis and smooth curve fitting assessment were conducted to identify non-linear relationships. Subgroup, interaction, and mediation analyses were also performed.

Results

The prevalence of tooth loss was significantly high, affecting 96.4% of the individuals, whereas 46.6% of the study sample experienced moderate to severe periodontitis. The average age of participants was 52.7 years. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the analysis of weighted multivariable logistic regression revealed a significant association between sleep insufficiency and moderate/severe periodontitis (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01–1.30, P = 0.0298), as well as tooth loss (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.01–1.33, P = 0.0371). Additionally, the research showed a correlation between the length of sleep and periodontitis that followed a U-shaped pattern. In addition, the analysis of mediation revealed that high blood pressure explained 7.0% (95% CI 4.0% to 12.9%; P < 0.0001) of the link between the amount of sleep and the likelihood of losing teeth.

Conclusion

Sleep duration was independently correlated with moderate/severe periodontitis/tooth loss and had a non-linear relationship.

中文翻译：

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睡眠时间与牙齿脱落和牙周炎的关联：来自全国健康和营养检查调查的见解（2005-2020）

客观的

失眠、呼吸暂停和不宁腿综合征等睡眠障碍会对人的整体健康产生负面影响，并可能导致高血压、心力衰竭和冠心病。同样，牙周炎（一种牙龈疾病）会导致身体和心理健康问题，对一个人的整体健康产生相当大的影响——牙周炎是牙齿脱落的主要原因。然而，对于美国人的睡眠时间与牙周炎/牙齿脱落发生率之间的相关性还没有足够的研究。因此，本研究旨在评估睡眠长度对美国人群牙周炎的影响。

方法

使用美国牙周协会标准对牙周炎严重程度进行分类（无​​、轻度、中度和重度）。睡眠持续时间通过自我报告的数据进行评估，并分为三组（不足、充足和过度）。通过口腔检查评估牙齿脱落情况。为了建立睡眠时间和牙周炎/牙齿脱落之间的联系，采用了加权多变量逻辑回归分析。进行 GAM 分析和平滑曲线拟合评估来识别非线性关系。还进行了亚组、相互作用和中介分析。

结果

牙齿脱落的发生率非常高，影响了 96.4% 的人，而 46.6% 的研究样本患有中度至重度牙周炎。参与者的平均年龄为52.7岁。调整潜在的混杂因素后，加权多变量逻辑回归分析显示，睡眠不足与中度/重度牙周炎（OR 1.15，95% CI 1.01–1.30，P  = 0.0298）以及牙齿脱落（OR 1.16）之间存在显着相关性。 ，95% CI 1.01–1.33，P  = 0.0371）。此外，研究还表明睡眠时间与牙周炎之间存在 U 形相关性。此外，中介分析显示，高血压解释了 睡眠时间与牙齿脱落可能性之间联系的7.0%（95% CI 4.0% 至 12.9%； P < 0.0001）。

结论

睡眠时间与中度/重度牙周炎/牙齿脱落独立相关，并且呈非线性关系。