Cinnamaldehyde is a natural compound extracted from cinnamon bark essential oil, acclaimed for its versatile properties in both pharmaceutical and agricultural fields, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Although potential of cinnamaldehyde against plant pathogenic bacteria like Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae causative agents of crown gall and bacterial canker diseases, respectively has been documented, indepth studies into cinnamaldehyde's broader influence on plant pathogenic bacteria are relatively unexplored. Particularly, Pectobacterium spp., gram-negative soil-borne pathogens, notoriously cause soft rot damage across a spectrum of plant families, emphasizing the urgency for effective treatments. Our investigation established that the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of cinnamaldehyde against strains P. odoriferum JK2, P. carotovorum BP201601, and P. versatile MYP201603 were 250 μg/ml, 125 μg/ml, and 125 μg/ml, respectively. Concurrently, their Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBCs) were found to be 500 μg/ml, 250 μg/ml, and 500 μg/ml, respectively. Using RNA-sequencing analysis, we identified 1,907 differentially expressed genes in P. carotovorum BP201601 treated with 500 μg/ml cinnamaldehyde. Notably, our results indicate that cinnamaldehyde upregulated nitrate reductase pathways while downregulating the citrate cycle, suggesting a potential disruption in the aerobic respiration system of P. carotovorum during cinnamaldehyde exposure. This study serves as a pioneering exploration of the transcriptional response of P. carotovorum to cinnamaldehyde, providing insights into the bactericidal mechanisms employed by cinnamaldehyde against this bacterium.

中文翻译：

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胡萝卜果杆菌对肉桂醛处理的转录反应。

肉桂醛是从肉桂树皮精油中提取的天然化合物，因其在制药和农业领域的多功能特性而广受赞誉，包括抗菌、抗氧化和抗癌活性。尽管肉桂醛具有对抗植物病原菌（如根癌农杆菌和丁香假单胞菌）的潜力。猕猴桃分别是冠瘿病和细菌性溃疡病的病原体，但肉桂醛对植物病原菌的更广泛影响的深入研究相对尚未探索。特别是果杆菌属革兰氏阴性土传病原体，对一系列植物科造成软腐病，这凸显了有效治疗的紧迫性。我们的研究表明，肉桂醛对P. odoriferum JK2、P. carotovorum BP201601 和P.Versatile MYP201603 菌株的最低抑制浓度 (MIC) 分别为 250 μg/ml、125 μg/ml 和 125 μg/ml。同时，它们的最低杀菌浓度 (MBC) 分别为 500 μg/ml、250 μg/ml 和 500 μg/ml。通过 RNA 测序分析，我们在用 500 μg/ml 肉桂醛处理的P. carotovorum BP201601 中鉴定出了 1,907 个差异表达基因。值得注意的是，我们的结果表明，肉桂醛上调硝酸还原酶途径，同时下调柠檬酸循环，这表明肉桂醛暴露期间胡萝卜素的有氧呼吸系统可能受到破坏。这项研究是对胡萝卜素对肉桂醛转录反应的开创性探索，为肉桂醛针对这种细菌的杀菌机制提供了见解。