Abstract

The study investigates the effect of various types and combinations of mineral fertilizers on the fractional composition of nitrogen in sod–podzol soil in a long-term stationary experiment and compares it with a virgin (undisturbed) analog. The studies were carried out on the experimental field of the Perm Research Institute of Agriculture in 2016 and 2018 after harvesting barley in an eight-field crop rotation on sod–podzol heavy loamy soil. The experiment’s design was as follows: without fertilizers: N₉₀; Р₉₀; K₉₀; N₉₀P₉₀; N₉₀K₉₀; P₉₀K₉₀; and N₉₀Р₉₀K₉₀. To assess the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizers, and their combinations on the nitrogen regime of sod–podzol soil, arable soil was compared with the virgin analog. The nitrogen pool of sod-podzol soil of a long-term station experiment is represented by 64–71% nonhydrolyzable and 17–22% not readily hydrolyzable forms of nitrogen. Long-term use of various types and combinations of mineral fertilizers did not significantly change the ratio of nitrogen fractions characteristic of virgin soils of this type. Nitrogen fertilizers, both in single-strength application and in combination with potassium chloride (N₉₀K₉₀) and superphosphate (N₉₀P₉₀), contributed to an increase in the total nitrogen content in the topsoil layer by 10–20% compared to the control; mineral nitrogen compounds improved the total nitrogen content two- and threefold. Single-strength application of potash fertilizer provided an increase in the content of total nitrogen in the soil by 12%; introduction of superphosphate did not have an appreciable effect on the nitrogen regime of the soil. Long-term use of complete mineral fertilizer (N₉₀P₉₀K₉₀) maintained the total nitrogen at the virgin soil level, that is, 1490 mg/kg. Long-term single-strength application of nitrogen fertilizers increased the content of nitrate nitrogen by 1.5–2.5 times and ammonium by 1.5‒14.6 times in the soil throughout the entire meter layer. In the variants N₉₀P₉₀, N₉₀K₉₀, and N₉₀P₉₀K₉₀, stock of mineral nitrogen increased two- to threefold in the 0–20 cm layer and doubled in the 0–100 cm layer compared the control variant.

中文翻译：

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长期使用不同类型和组合矿肥的草灰土的氮状况

摘要

该研究通过长期固定实验研究了不同类型和组合的矿物肥料对草灰土中氮成分组成的影响，并将其与原始（未受干扰的）类似物进行了比较。这些研究是在彼尔姆农业研究所的试验田上于 2016 年和 2018 年在草灰灰重壤土上进行八田轮作收获大麦后进行的。试验设计如下：不施肥：N ₉₀；Р ₉₀ ; K ₉₀；N ₉₀ P ₉₀ ; N ₉₀ K ₉₀；P ₉₀ K ₉₀ ; 和 N ₉₀ Р ₉₀ K ₉₀。为了评估氮、磷、钾肥及其组合对草灰土氮状况的影响，将耕地土壤与原始类似土壤进行了比较。长期站实验的草灰土氮库由 64-71% 不可水解氮和 17-22% 不易水解氮组成。长期使用各种类型和组合的矿物肥料并没有显着改变此类原始土壤的氮组分比例。氮肥，无论是单效施用还是与氯化钾 (N ₉₀ K ₉₀ ) 和过磷酸钙 (N ₉₀ P ₉₀ ) 结合施用，都有助于使表土层总氮含量增加 10-20%。控制；矿物氮化合物将总氮含量提高了两倍和三倍。单次施用钾肥可使土壤全氮含量增加12%；过磷酸钙的引入对土壤的氮状况没有明显影响。长期使用全矿肥（N ₉₀ P ₉₀ K ₉₀）使全氮保持在原土水平，即1490 mg/kg。长期单量施用氮肥，使全米层土壤硝态氮含量增加1.5～2.5倍，铵态氮含量增加1.5～14.6倍。_{在 N 90} P ₉₀、N ₉₀ K ₉₀和 N ₉₀ P ₉₀ K ₉₀变体中，与对照变体相比，0-20 cm 层的矿物氮储量增加了两到三倍，0-100 cm 层的矿物氮储量增加了一倍。