Abstract

The necessity to provide beet-growing farms with high-quality planting material determines the main vector of domestic sugar beet seed-growing development. A special role in the crop seed-growing is assigned to improvement of the main methods, including the development of a promising raw-material storage technique. The aim of the investigations is to reveal the impact of physical and chemical methods of raw-material storage, both separately and in combination, on the planting material safety as well as on the productivity of sugar beet seed-bearing plants. The investigations were performed by the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Mazlumov All-Russia Research Institute of Sugar Beet and Sugar in Voronezh oblast in 2019–2021. The study object was represented by beet mother roots and seed-bearing plants of the domestic hybrid (RMS-127) of male sterile form. The experiments were performed in a beet root storehouse and on isolated plots according to methodological recommendations and instructions for sugar beet seed-growing. The experiment scheme was: (1) control (without treatment); (2) treatment of mother beet roots with infrared radiation (30 s) using a Minin reflector (blue lamp); (3) spraying of mother beet roots with fungicide Kagatnik, VRK (0.10 L/t); (4) treatment with Kagatnik, VRK (0.10 L/t) + infrared radiation (30 s); and (5) treatment with Kagatnik, VRK (0.10 L/t) + surfactant Allur, Zh (0.003 L/t). As a result, the treatment of sugar beet mother roots by fungicide Kagatnik, VRK in combination with infrared radiation or with surfactant Allur, Zh enables the reduction of mass losses by 1.6–2.3 absolute % and proliferation by 21.4–23.3 absolute % during storage as well as the rise in the yield of suitable for planting beet roots by 6–7 absolute %. Positive aftereffect of the storage technique of beet mother roots on the development and productivity of sugar beet seed-bearing plants was determined. The yield increase of the obtained sugar beet seeds was 0.5 t/ha, and the portion of high-quality seeds of sowing fractions (3.5–4.5 mm and 4.5–5.5 mm) was 96–98%.

中文翻译：

---

化学和物理方法原料保护在甜菜育种中的应用前景

摘要

为甜菜种植场提供优质种植材料的必要性决定了国内甜菜种苗发展的主要载体。主要方法的改进在作物种子种植中发挥着特殊作用，包括开发有前景的原材料储存技术。研究的目的是揭示单独和组合的原材料储存的物理和化学方法对种植材料安全以及甜菜种子植物生产力的影响。该调查由联邦国家预算科学研究机构马兹卢莫夫全俄甜菜和糖研究所在沃罗涅日州于 2019-2021 年进行。研究对象以雄性不育形式的国产杂交种（RMS-127）的甜菜母根和种子植物为代表。实验根据甜菜种子种植的方法建议和说明在甜菜根仓库和隔离地块上进行。实验方案为：（1）对照（不处理）；(2) 使用米宁反射器（蓝灯）用红外辐射（30秒）处理甜菜母根；(3)用杀菌剂Kagatnik、VRK(0.10L/t)喷洒甜菜母根；(4)用Kagatnik、VRK(0.10L/t)+红外辐射(30s)处理；(5) 用 Kagatnik, VRK (0.10 L/t) + 表面活性剂 Allur, Zh (0.003 L/t) 处理。因此，用杀菌剂 Kagatnik, VRK 结合红外辐射或表面活性剂 Allur, Zh 处理甜菜母根，可使储存期间的质量损失减少 1.6–2.3 绝对%，增殖减少 21.4–23.3 绝对%。适合种植甜菜根的产量提高了 6-7%。确定了甜菜母根储存技术对甜菜种子植物的发育和生产力的积极影响。所得甜菜种子增产0.5吨/公顷，播种级数（3.5~4.5毫米和4.5~5.5毫米）优质种子比例为96~98%。