Abstract

The studies were conducted to identify the natural and climatic factors that can influence the effectiveness (efficacy) of B. subtilis strains with respect to morphometric indicators and soft wheat productivity as well as development of the diseases in 2017–2022. A response of Leningradka 6, k‑64900 spring wheat to the microbiological formulation Vitaplan, SP (titer of viable cells ×10¹¹ CFU/g) and liquid culture (LC) of the B. subtilis strains VKM B‑2604D and B. subtilis VKM B‑2605D (at a 1 : 1 ratio with the titer of viable cells ×10¹⁰ CFU/mL). Wheat seeds were treated before sowing; the plants were subsequently sprayed three times during the growing season in the field conditions of the northwestern Russian Federation. The efficacy of bacterial strains in terms of the productivity and particularly harmful wheat diseases depended to a greater degree on the indicators of moisture availability during the growing season. This was confirmed by the results of multidimensional scaling as well the correlation and factor analyses of the indicators. The variant with Vitaplan, SP (DF, dry formulation) in F₁ demonstrated high positive factor loadings for the precipitation amount in June, July, and August; HTC in July; relative humidity in June (0.73–0.93); plant stage; plant height; area of flag and preflag leaves; and weight of a vegetative portion of the plant (0.71–0.80). Using the LC B. subtilis VKM V‑2604D + B. subtilis VKM B‑2605D, high positive factor loadings were identified for the precipitation amount in June and August; HTC in July and August (0.71–0.88); productive tillering potential; root weight; spike length; spikelet number per spike; number and weight of grains per spike; and the biological and potential yield (0.71–0.85). The B. subtilis strains’ application improved biological and potential yield by 32.5 ± 7.2% and 24.3 ± 7.0%, respectively, and reduced the intensity of diseases’ progression (by 11.7 ± 1.6% for root rot and by 7.6 ± 0.7% for powdery mildew) as well as brown and yellow rust. The efficacy of the bacterial strains, however, significantly depended on the climatic factors of the wheat growing season.

中文翻译：

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根据软麦种植中的自然和气候因素对枯草芽孢杆菌菌株的有效性进行建模

摘要

进行这些研究的目的是确定2017-2022年影响枯草芽孢杆菌菌株在形态指标和软麦生产力以及疾病发展方面的有效性（功效）的自然和气候因素。Leningradka 6, k-64900 春小麦对微生物制剂 Vitaplan、SP（活细胞效价 ×10 ^{11 CFU/g）以及}枯草芽孢杆菌菌株 VKM B-2604D 和枯草芽孢杆菌液体培养物 (LC)的反应VKM B-2605D（与活细胞滴度×10 ¹⁰ CFU/mL按1:1比例）。小麦种子在播种前经过处理；随后在俄罗斯联邦西北部的田间条件下的生长季节对植物进行了三次喷洒。细菌菌株在生产力和特别是有害小麦病害方面的功效在很大程度上取决于生长季节的可用水分指标。多维标度以及指标的相关性和因子分析的结果证实了这一点。F ₁中含有 Vitaplan、SP（DF、干制剂）的变体表现出对 6 月、7 月和 8 月降水量的高正因子负荷；HTC 7 月；六月相对湿度（0.73–0.93）；植物阶段；株高；标志叶和前置标志叶的面积；和植物营养部分的重量 (0.71–0.80)。使用 LC B. subtilis VKM V-2604D + B. subtilis VKM B-2605D，确定了 6 月和 8 月降水量的高正因子负荷；HTC 7 月和 8 月 (0.71–0.88)；分蘖生产潜力；根重；穗长；每个穗的小穗数；每穗粒数和重量；以及生物产量和潜在产量（0.71-0.85）。枯草芽孢杆菌菌株的应用使生物产量和潜在产量分别提高了 32.5 ± 7.2% 和 24.3 ± 7.0%，并降低了疾病进展的强度（根腐病提高了 11.7 ± 1.6%，粉状病降低了 7.6 ± 0.7%）霉）以及棕色和黄色锈病。然而，菌株的功效很大程度上取决于小麦生长季节的气候因素。