Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of natural and anthropogenic factors on weed infestation of fields in the crop rotation, including cereals, row crops, and grasses, to understand the possibilities to manage the species composition and population of weed plants in the northwest of the Russian Federation. The experiments were performed in 2012–2018 in Leningrad oblast during the fifth rotation with the following crops: blue lupine, winter rye, spring barley with sowing of perennial grasses (red clover and timothy-grass), perennial grasses of the first and second year, potato, and spring rape. Weed infestation of fields in the crop rotation depended more on biological features of cultivated crops (species abundance of 76.1%, initial density of 29.6%, and phytomass after harvest of 21.0%) than on individual parameters of weed infestation (3.5, 8.3, and 17.7%, respectively). Weather conditions exerted the decisive effect on initial weed infestation (49.7%) and smaller effect on the species abundance (30.7%) and aboveground biomass of weeds (20.6%). Weather conditions influenced the effects of applied mineral fertilizers (interaction of 4.0–11.9%) and integrated plant-protection system (interaction of 2.9–12.0%). Among the studied factors of crop production intensification, application of herbicides in the variant with integrated plant-protection system exerted the greatest impact on the species abundance (26%) and final phytomass of weeds (26.2%), whereas long term application of mineral fertilizers affected the initial weed infestation of agrocenoses (10.2%), which was statistically significant for every year of the research (23.0–67.8%). The combined effect of mineral fertilizers and herbicides determined to the greatest rate the formation of the aboveground mass of weeds (interaction of 0.9–5.0%), in years with excessive humidity in particular.

中文翻译：

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俄罗斯联邦西北部粮草行作物杂草侵染的影响因素

摘要

本研究的目的是评估自然和人为因素对轮作田间杂草侵染的影响，包括谷物、中耕作物和草，以了解管理轮作中杂草植物的物种组成和种群的可能性。位于俄罗斯联邦西北部。试验于 2012 年至 2018 年在列宁格勒州第五次轮作期间进行，作物为：蓝羽扇豆、冬黑麦、春大麦，并播种多年生草（红三叶草和梯牧草）、第一年和第二年的多年生草、土豆和春油菜。轮作中田地杂草侵染更多地取决于栽培作物的生物学特征（物种丰度为 76.1%，初始密度为 29.6%，收获后植物量为 21.0%），而不是杂草侵染的单个参数（3.5、8.3 和分别为 17.7%）。天气条件对杂草初始侵染具有决定性影响（49.7%），对杂草物种丰度（30.7%）和地上生物量（20.6%）影响较小。天气条件影响施用矿物肥料（交互作用为4.0-11.9%）和综合植保系统（交互作用为2.9-12.0%）的效果。在作物生产集约化的研究因素中，综合植保系统中施用除草剂对杂草物种丰度（26%）和最终植物质量（26.2%）的影响最大，而长期施用矿肥对杂草的物种丰度（26%）和最终植物质量（26.2%）影响最大。影响了农杆菌的初始杂草侵染（10.2%），这对于研究的每一年都有统计学意义（23.0-67.8%）。矿物肥料和除草剂的综合作用最大程度地决定了地上杂草的形成（相互作用为 0.9-5.0%），特别是在湿度过高的年份。