Abstract

The aim of the study is to quantify the contribution of additive, dominant, and epistatic dispersions to the overall genetic variation of the 1000-grain weight trait to increase the efficiency of breeding heterotic hybrids of winter rye. The experiments were carried out at the experimental base of the Federal Research Center Nemchinovka (Moscow oblast). The starting material was ten male sterile homozygous inbred lines carrying the Pump-type cytoplasm. These lines were crossed with two male fertile test lines: mf H-842 and mf H-1247. Test crosses were carried out in 2019 on two isolated plots according to the topcross scheme. The resulting hybrids and their parent forms were tested in 2020 and 2021 on plots of 8 m² in twofold repetition. The test for epistasis and decomposition of the genetic varianсе into additive and dominant components was carried out by the method of Jinks, Perkins, and Brees (1969). The data show that the additive interaction of genes, as well as incomplete dominance, plays the main role in determining the trait of granularity. A stable ratio of these interactions was established over the years: the proportion of additive effects varied at the level of 83.9–84.7%, and the proportion of dominant effects at the level of 15.3–16.1%. The indicator of the degree of dominance \(\sqrt {{\text{(}}H1{\text{/}}D{\text{)}}} \) was less than one and varied slightly over the years. It follows from this that dominant alleles affecting gross grain do not completely suppress the effect of their recessive alleles. For this reason, simple interlinear hybrids inherit an intermediate phenotype compared to the parent forms. The most coarse-grained hybrids were obtained by crossing lines ms H-1054, ms H-649, and ms H-1090 with the coarse-grained tester mf H-1247. It is concluded that, in the synthesis of commercial rye hybrids, it is necessary to strive to ensure that all parent forms are gross-grained. To obtain such lines, it is advisable to use methods of recurrent selection as well as convergent and cumulative breeding.

中文翻译：

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冬黑麦行间杂交种千粒重性状的遗传分析

摘要

本研究的目的是量化加性、显性和上位分散对千粒重性状整体遗传变异的贡献，以提高冬黑麦杂种优势杂交种的育种效率。实验在涅姆奇诺夫卡联邦研究中心（莫斯科州）的实验基地进行。起始材料是十个携带泵型细胞质的雄性不育纯合自交系。这些品系与两个雄性可育测试品系：mf H-842 和 mf H-1247 杂交。2019年，根据顶交方案在两个孤立的地块上进行了测试杂交。^{2020 年和 2021 年，在 8 m 2}的地块上进行了两次重复测试，得到的杂交种及其亲本形式。通过 Jinks、Perkins 和 Brees (1969) 的方法进行了上位性检验以及将遗传变异分解为加性成分和显性成分。数据表明，基因的加性相互作用以及不完全显性在决定粒度性状中起主要作用。多年来，这些相互作用建立了一个稳定的比例：加性效应的比例在 83.9-84.7% 的水平上变化，显性效应的比例在 15.3-16.1% 的水平上变化。支配程度的指标\(\sqrt {{\text{(}}H1{\text{/}}D{\text{)}}} \) 小于1，并且多年来略有变化。由此可见，影响总谷物的显性等位基因并不能完全抑制其隐性等位基因的影响。因此，与亲本形式相比，简单的线间杂种继承了中间表型。最粗粒度的杂种是通过将品系 ms H-1054、ms H-649 和 ms H-1090 与粗粒度测试仪 mf H-1247 杂交获得的。结论是，在商业黑麦杂交种的合成中，有必要努力确保所有亲本形式都是粗粒的。为了获得这样的品系，建议使用轮回选择以及趋同和累积育种的方法。