This study sheds light on the catch-up dynamics in natural resource-based industries (NRBI) of developing countries considering learning modes, technological capability dimensions, catch-up strategies, and windows of opportunity. It provides a framework for examining the technological catch-up of latecomer Exploration & Production companies while emphasizing the nature of the industry and characteristics of lagging behind and under-sanction countries like Iran. The analytical framework has been examined by studying two Iranian oil companies. Findings show that latecomer E&P companies can take two distinct paths for technological catch-up, including increasing the depth of operational capability and upgrading the level of advanced capability.

中文翻译：

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自然资源行业后来者的技术追赶动态：来自伊朗石油和天然气行业的证据

本研究从学习模式、技术能力维度、追赶战略和机会窗口等方面揭示了发展中国家自然资源型产业（NRBI）的追赶动态。它提供了一个框架，用于检查后来者勘探和生产公司的技术追赶情况，同时强调该行业的性质以及伊朗等落后和受到制裁的国家的特征。通过研究两家伊朗石油公司，对分析框架进行了检验。研究结果表明，后来者勘探开发公司可以采取两条不同的技术追赶路径，包括增加作业能力深度和提升先进能力水平。