GyrinicolaYamaguti, 1938, includes 6 species of oxyurid found within the intestinal tract of numerous, larval, anuran species in Europe, Asia, South America, and North America. The systematic placement and hierarchical treatment of the genus has shifted at least 5 times since its discovery; the group was first considered as its own family (Gyrinicolidae), then treated as a subfamily (Gyrinicolinae) of Cosmocercidae, then as a member of the Pharyngodonidae, followed by movement back to the Cosmocercidae, and finally a recent proposal suggested the resurrection of the Gyrinicolidae. Species in the genus vary widely in the morphology of the uterine tract, a characteristic often used to indicate membership in the genus, as it is tied to the reproductive mode. However, until recently very few genetic data were available to aid in the placement of this unique group of worms, and before this study to the best of our knowledge none existed for the North American species. To examine the monophyly and placement of the Gyrinicola we sampled populations of Gyrinicola batrachiensis across North America and screened them for genetic diversity using nuclear markers 18S and 28S. Phylogenies suggest at least 3 clades exist among the nematodes from North America and that these clades, alongside Gyrinicola japonica, form a well-supported group within Oxyuroidea. Further representation of Pharyngodonidae from other vertebrate classes may help clarify the relationship of this historical grouping to other members of the Oxyuroidea.

Gyrinicola Yamaguti，1938，包括在欧洲、亚洲、南美洲和北美的众多幼虫、无尾动物物种的肠道中发现的 6 种尖尾藻。自发现以来，该属的系统定位和等级处理至少发生了 5 次变化；该群体首先被视为自己的科（Gyrinicolidae），然后被视为宇宙尾丝虫科（Cosmocercidae）的一个亚科（Gyrinicolinae），然后被视为咽尾虫科（Pharyngodonidae）的成员，随后又回到宇宙尾丝虫科（Cosmocercidae），最后最近的一项提案建议复活宇宙尾丝虫科（Cosmocercidae）。蝼蛄科。该属中的物种在子宫道的形态方面差异很大，这一特征通常用于表明该属的成员资格，因为它与生殖模式有关。然而，直到最近，可用于帮助定位这一独特蠕虫群的遗传数据还很少，而且在这项研究之前，据我们所知，北美物种不存在任何遗传数据。为了检查Gyrinicola的单系性和位置，我们对北美各地的Gyrinicola batrachiensis种群进行了采样，并使用核标记18S和28S筛选它们的遗传多样性。系统发育表明，北美线虫中至少存在 3 个分支，这些分支与Gyrinicola japonica一起，在 Oxyuroidea 内形成了一个得到充分支持的类群。其他脊椎动物纲中咽齿科的进一步代表性可能有助于澄清这一历史类群与尖齿科其他成员的关系。