The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae), is a major pest of brassica plants, with the ability to transmit > 100 viruses. Although the adoption of Integrated Pest Management is increasing, chemical treatment remains the predominant method used to control M. persicae globally. Insecticide seed treatments, typically with neonicotinoid active ingredients, have become commonplace in canola crops, and are viewed as a “softer” alternative to foliar sprays but may nevertheless impact natural enemies of M. persicae. In this study, the effects of canola seed treatments, containing imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and a mixture of thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin, were investigated on the parasitoid wasp, Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and the green lacewing, Mallada signatus (Schneider) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), both important natural enemies of M. persicae. Laboratory trials were undertaken using whole plants, with lethal and sublethal effects assessed by measuring several traits. Compared with untreated plants, more aphid mummies were produced and more A. colemani were reared on plants treated with thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin and more aphid mummies were produced on imidacloprid plants. Imidacloprid reduced the time A. colemani spent searching for M. persicae and thiamethoxam reduced its cleaning time. However, after A. colemani were removed from treated plants, there were no such effects observed, suggesting these impacts were relatively short-lived. We found no significant effects of seed treatments on M. signatus. These results point to the complexity of ecotoxicology studies involving multiple trophic levels and indicate that seed treatments may have variable impacts on key fitness traits of natural enemies.

中文翻译：

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杀虫剂种子处理对油菜中桃蚜（同翅目：蚜科）寄生和捕食的影响

桃蚜Myzus persicae (Sulzer)（同翅目：蚜科）是芸苔属植物的主要害虫，具有传播> 100种病毒。尽管害虫综合治理的采用不断增加，但化学处理仍然是全球控制桃小叶蛾的主要方法。通常使用新烟碱类活性成分的杀虫剂种子处理在双低油菜作物中已变得司空见惯，并被视为叶面喷洒的“更温和”替代品，但仍然可能影响桃蚜的天敌。在本研究中，研究了含有吡虫啉、噻虫嗪以及噻虫嗪 + 高效氯氟氰菊酯混合物的双低油菜种子处理剂对寄生蜂、Aphidius colemani Viereck（膜翅目：茧蜂科）和绿草蛉、Malladasignatus（Schneider）的影响。 ）（脉翅目：草蛉科），均为桃蚜的重要天敌。使用整个植物进行实验室试验，通过测量几个性状来评估致死和亚致死效应。与未处理的植物相比，用噻虫嗪+高效氯氟氰菊酯处理的植物产生更多的蚜虫木乃伊，饲养更多的蚜虫，吡虫啉处理的植物产生更多的蚜虫木乃伊。吡虫啉减少了 Colemani 寻找 M. persicae 的时间，而噻虫嗪则减少了其清洁时间。然而，在将 A. colemani 从处理过的植物中去除后，没有观察到这种影响，这表明这些影响相对短暂。我们发现种子处理对 M.signatus 没有显着影响。这些结果指出了涉及多个营养级的生态毒理学研究的复杂性，并表明种子处理可能对天敌的关键适应性特征产生不同的影响。