Parthenogenesis is an asexual reproduction mode characterized by the development of a female oocyte without fertilization. From an evolutionary perspective, parthenogenesis seems less successful than the predominant sexual mode, though there are groups in which both reproductive types exist, an example of which is the genus Artemia Leach, 1819. This salt-tolerant crustacean inhabiting hypersaline environments contains regionally endemic sexual species and obligate parthenogenetic groups with different ploidy levels, collectively referred to as Artemia parthenogenetica. Here, we discuss the difficulties of using a common species concept in Artemia Leach, 1819. While sexual species are widespread and fit the Biological Species Concept (BSC), which emphasizes reproductive isolation to maintain species genetic integrity or cohesiveness, it does not apply to uniparental organisms originating from sexual species with major meiotic changes. We show that different ploidy levels of parthenogenetic Artemia groups with uniform nuclear gene pools are maternally independent genetic entities (or cohesive), collectively and wrongly referred to as Artemia parthenogenetica. Thus, we conclude that ‘Artemia parthenogenetica’ is an invalid nominal specific name. Additionally, parthenogenetic Artemia groups cannot be considered a form of Artemia species (A. urmiana and/or A. sinica). In conclusion, we recommend using the term ‘parthenogenetic lineage(s)’ instead of ‘parthenogenetic population(s)’ to describe asexual Artemia group(s), because in modern population genetics and systematics, the term ‘population’ refers to interbreeding individuals with sexual reproduction. Furthermore, it clarifies that parthenogenetic lineages of Artemia are native to Mediterranean biodiversity.

中文翻译：

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卤虫属 Leach, 1819（甲壳纲：Anostraca）的物种问题，该属具有有性物种和专性孤雌生殖谱系

孤雌生殖是一种无性生殖模式，其特征是雌性卵母细胞在没有受精的情况下发育。从进化的角度来看，单性生殖似乎不如主要的有性生殖方式成功，尽管有些群体中同时存在两种生殖类型，其中一个例子是卤虫属 Leach，1819。 这种耐盐甲壳类动物栖息的高盐环境包含区域特有的性生殖方式。具有不同倍性水平的物种和专性孤雌群体，统称为孤雌丰年虫。在这里，我们讨论了在Artemia Leach，1819中使用共同物种概念的困难。虽然有性物种广泛存在并且符合生物物种概念（BSC），该概念强调生殖隔离以维持物种遗传完整性或凝聚力，但它不适用于源自具有重大减数分裂变化的有性物种的单亲生物。我们发现，具有统一核基因库的不同倍性水平的孤雌生殖卤虫群体是母系独立的遗传实体（或内聚性），统称为孤雌生殖卤虫。因此，我们得出结论，“Artemia parthenogenica”是无效的名义具体名称。此外，孤雌生殖卤虫群体不能被视为卤虫物种（A. urmiana 和/或 A. sinica）的一种形式。总之，我们建议使用术语“孤雌谱系”而不是“孤雌种群”来描述无性卤虫群体，因为在现代群体遗传学和系统学中，术语“种群”指的是杂交个体有性生殖。此外，它阐明了卤虫的孤雌谱系是地中海生物多样性的原生来源。