Many countries conduct fruit fly surveillance but, while there are guidelines, practices vary widely. This review of some countries in the Pacific region demonstrates the diversity of fruit fly surveillance practices. All utilize 3 parapheromones—trimedlure, cuelure, and methyl eugenol—to trap adult male fruit flies. Some target species are not attracted to these compounds so other attractants such as food-based lures are used in certain areas or circumstances. Lure loading and replacement cycles depend on the target species and the local climate. Malathion and dichlorvos (DDVP) are commonly used toxicants, but not in all countries, and other toxicants are being developed to replace these older-generation pesticides. Jackson and Lynfield are commonly used trap designs but newer designs such as cone and Biotrap are being adopted. Local factors such as chemical registrations and climate affect the choice of trap, lure, dispenser, toxicant, and bait concentration. These choices affect the efficacy of traps, in turn influencing optimal trap deployment in space and time. Most states now follow similar practices around trap inspection, servicing, and data handling, but these processes will be disrupted by emerging automated trap technologies. Ultimately, different practices can be attributed to the unique fruit fly risk profiles faced by each state, particularly the suite of fruit flies already present and those that threaten from nearby. Despite the diversity of approaches, international trade in fruit continues with the assurance that fruit fly surveillance practices evolve and improve according to each country’s risk profile and incursion experience.

中文翻译：

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对澳大利亚、新西兰和美国实蝇威胁监测系统的审查

许多国家都进行果蝇监测，但尽管有指导方针，但做法却差异很大。对太平洋地区一些国家的审查表明了果蝇监测做法的多样性。它们都利用 3 种副信息素（trimedlure、cuelure 和甲基丁子香酚）来诱捕成年雄性果蝇。一些目标物种不会被这些化合物吸引，因此在某些区域或环境中使用其他引诱剂，例如食物诱剂。诱饵装载和更换周期取决于目标物种和当地气候。马拉硫磷和敌敌畏 (DDVP) 是常用的有毒物质，但并非在所有国家都常用，并且正在开发其他有毒物质来取代这些老一代农药。Jackson 和 Lynfield 是常用的陷阱设计，但也正在采用较新的设计，例如锥体和 Biotrap。化学品登记和气候等当地因素会影响陷阱、诱饵、投放器、毒剂和诱饵浓度的选择。这些选择会影响陷阱的功效，进而影响陷阱在空间和时间上的最佳部署。大多数州现在都在陷阱检查、服务和数据处理方面遵循类似的做法，但这些过程将被新兴的自动化陷阱技术所扰乱。最终，不同的做法可以归因于每个州面临的独特的果蝇风险状况，特别是已经存在的果蝇群和来自附近的威胁。尽管方法多种多样，但国际水果贸易仍在继续，并确保果蝇监测做法根据每个国家的风险状况和入侵经验不断发展和改进。