Pseudomonas fluorescens group, such as Pseudomonas protegens and Pseudomonas chlororaphis, can be utilized as insect-killing agents. Most insecticidal Pseudomonas described so far have high toxicity for insects of the order Lepidoptera. In this study, Pseudomonas strain PcR3-3 was isolated from the willow root. It showed a high mortality for the coleopteran species Plagiodera versicolora (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), but not for the lepidopteran Helicoverpa armigera. Strain PcR3-3 displayed high colonization ability in the P. versicolora compared with P. chlororaphis PCL1391, indicating that the insecticidal activities correlated with the colonization ability of Pseudomonas strain in the host. Phylogenetic analysis of the genome revealed that PcR3-3 belonged to P. chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens. Numerous insecticidal protein-encoding genes, typical biosynthetic gene clusters for some insecticidal metabolite and type VI secretion system, known to be involved in insect pathogenicity, were present in the P. chlororaphis PcR3-3 genome. However, the insecticidal toxin Fit-encoding gene which commonly presents in P. chlororaphis, was not found in the P. chlororaphis PcR3-3 genome. Furthermore, there are some divergent insecticidal genes between P. chlororaphis PcR3-3 and P. chlororaphis PCL1391. This finding implies that P. chlororaphis PcR3-3 is a promising biocontrol agent for pest management applications. The P. chlororaphis–P. versicolora association can be used as a model system to study the interaction between Pseudomonas and coleopteran insects.

中文翻译：

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对新绿针假单胞菌分离株杀虫潜力的基因组研究

荧光假单胞菌类，例如保护假单胞菌和绿针假单胞菌，可用作杀虫剂。迄今为止描述的大多数杀虫假单胞菌对鳞翅目昆虫具有高毒性。在本研究中，从柳根中分离出假单胞菌菌株 PcR3-3。结果显示，鞘翅目物种 Plagiodera versicolora（鞘翅目：叶甲科）的死亡率很高，但鳞翅目棉铃虫的死亡率却很低。与绿针假单胞菌PCL1391相比，菌株PcR3-3在云芝中表现出较高的定植能力，表明其杀虫活性与假单胞菌菌株在宿主中的定植能力相关。基因组系统发育分析表明，PcR3-3 属于 P. chlororaphis subsp.。金法西恩斯。绿针竹 PcR3-3 基因组中存在大量杀虫蛋白编码基因、一些杀虫代谢物和 VI 型分泌系统的典型生物合成基因簇，已知与昆虫致病性有关。然而，绿针假单胞菌中常见的杀虫毒素Fit-编码基因在绿针假单胞菌PcR3-3基因组中并未发现。此外，绿针假单胞菌PcR3-3和绿针假单胞菌PCL1391之间存在一些不同的杀虫基因。这一发现表明绿针假单胞菌 PcR3-3 是一种有前途的害虫管理应用生物防治剂。P. 绿针藻–P. versicolora 关联可以作为研究假单胞菌和鞘翅目昆虫之间相互作用的模型系统。