Tatar minorities have lived in Finland and Estonia as a multilingual diaspora for more than a century. This study explores how the different generations of Tatars living in Finland and Estonia perceive polite forms of address, focusing on the choice of informal and formal second-person pronouns and the use of kinship terms. The research material includes 7 h 20 min of semi-structured interviews conducted with nine Tatars from Finland and ten Tatars from Estonia. The results suggest a parallel tendency of variation in the address forms among the Finnish and Estonian Tatar minorities. Specifically, the Tatars in Finland are more likely to use sin, the second-person singular form (T-form), than the Estonian Tatars. This is similar to Finnish, where the T-form is more extensively used than in Estonian and Russian, which are the main contact languages of Tatar in Estonia. The results also propose that Finnish and Estonian Tatar diaspora members use kinship terms less as a polite form of address and accept being addressed by their first name. However, in standard Tatar, it is perceived to be impolite to address the interlocutor by only their first name without a kinship term or title. Many of the participants were also aware of these pluriareal differences in the use of T-forms and the use of Sez, the second-person plural form (V-form), and kinship terms in Tatar, suggesting the existence of meta-linguistic awareness among Tatar speakers in terms of polite language use.

中文翻译：

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芬兰和爱沙尼亚使用的鞑靼语地址形式

鞑靼少数民族作为多语言侨民生活在芬兰和爱沙尼亚一个多世纪了。本研究探讨了生活在芬兰和爱沙尼亚的不同代鞑靼人如何看待礼貌的称呼形式，重点关注非正式和正式第二人称代词的选择以及亲属称谓的使用。研究材料包括对来自芬兰的 9 名鞑靼人和来自爱沙尼亚的 10 名鞑靼人进行的 7 小时 20 分钟的半结构化访谈。结果表明，芬兰和爱沙尼亚鞑靼少数民族的称谓形式也存在类似的变化趋势。具体来说，芬兰的鞑靼人更有可能使用罪，第二人称单数形式（T-形式），比爱沙尼亚鞑靼人。这与芬兰语类似，其中 T 形式的使用比爱沙尼亚语和俄语更广泛，而爱沙尼亚语和俄语是爱沙尼亚鞑靼语的主要接触语言。研究结果还表明，芬兰和爱沙尼亚鞑靼侨民成员较少使用亲属称谓作为礼貌的称呼形式，并接受以名字称呼。然而，在标准的鞑靼语中，仅称呼对话者的名字而不使用亲属称谓或头衔被认为是不礼貌的。许多参与者也意识到 T 型表格的使用和塞兹、第二人称复数形式（V 形式）和鞑靼语中的亲属称谓，表明鞑靼语使用者在礼貌语言使用方面存在元语言意识。